Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Muiris Mag Ualghairg
Subject: Re: FW: [IR-D] Article, "Citizenship Matters"
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I remember reading somewhere, and I don't remember where now, that de
Valera's nationality wasn't really an issue for the British, he had
been sentenced to death (along with others) and it was only commuted
because the Government called a halt to the executions for fear of
world opinion and opinion in Ireland. If they had waited another
couple of days before calling a halt to the executions it is likely
that he would have been executed.


2008/11/7 Patrick Maume :
> From: Patrick Maume
> I would think the mistake does affect a significant subsidiary part of t=
he
> argument. The paper states that America intervened for de Valera even
> though he was fighting against an ally, and that this shows the strength =
of
> their commitment to the principle. Considering that when America did go =
to
> war quite a few American citizens living in America were sent to prison
> merely for expressing anti-war views, this is stretching it a bit.
> My own view (based on an impression from general reading) is that Ameri=
ca
> did not in fact intervene in de Valera's behalf; that the British took th=
e
> decision to spare him because of his alleged American citizenship, and th=
ey
> did this because both the British and American governments had denounced =
the
> deaths of American citizens on British ships torpedoed in the Atlantic as
> tantamount to aggression against America (even though the Germans quite
> reasonably argued that if American citizens chose to sail through a war z=
one
> on belligerent vessels they had only themselves to blame if they were sun=
k)
> and that if THAT standard was applied then shooting de Valera would have
> provided a serious counter-argument. (Remember also that Britain mad a
> major issue out of the shooting of Nurse Edith Cavell for taking advantag=
e
> of her position as a Red Cross nurse in Belgium to assist British POWS in
> escaping, even though she had unquestionably done what the Germans shot h=
er
> for and British officials admitted after the war that they would have don=
e
> the same had a German nurse in Britain acted thus).
> This by the way raises an interesting counterfactual - what if the Easte=
r
> Rising had taken place after American entry to the war?
> Best wishes,
> Patrick
>
> On Thu, Nov 6, 2008 at 7:52 PM, Patrick O'Sullivan P.OSullivan[at]bradford.ac.uk> wrote:
>
>> Mancini, J. M., and Finlay, G. 2008. "Citizenship Matters": Lessons from
>> the
>> Irish Citizenship Referendum. American Quarterly 60:.
>>
>> I'd be upset if we were too fierce about this article, especially becaus=
e
>> it
>> was, perhaps, my too speedy Copy & Paste that drew attention to that wea=
k
>> opening paragraph.
>>
>> The article itself is very interesting, in exploring the 2 constitutiona=
l
>> traditions - giving substance to discussions I have been involved in, in=
a
>> number of places. The article even spares the time - Note 91 - to prais=
e
>> Piaras Mac =C9inr=ED. And, for that, surely, much can be forgiven...
>>
>> Paddy O'Sullivan
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [mailto:IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK] On
>> Behalf
>> Of Thomas J. Archdeacon
>> Sent: 06 November 2008 18:56
>> To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
>> Subject: Re: [IR-D] Article, "Citizenship Matters"
>>
>> I wouldn't push too far the technicality that the USA and the UK were n=
ot
>> allies in 1916. Yes, the U.S. did not enter WW I until 1917. Yes, the
>> president was promising non-involvement in the European conflict. Yet I
>> think that any analysis of attitudes within the American governmental
>> attitudes and among American opinion makers in 1916 would indicate that =
the
>> U.S. viewed England and France much more sympathetically than it viewed
>> Germany and Austria-Hungary. In 1916 Jeremiah A. O'Leary of the America=
n
>> Truth Society" taunted Wilson for his allegedly pro-British policies aft=
er
>> New York voters defeated an Anglophile candidate in a 1916 primary
>> election.
>> Wilson sent a return telegram stating, "Your telegram received. I would
>> feel
>> deeply mortified to have you or anybody like you vote for me. Since you
>> have
>> access to many disloyal Americans and I have not, I will ask you to conv=
ey
>> this message to them." Although "chief ally" is certainly an anachronis=
tic
>> phrase to apply to the UK vis-=E0-vis the US in 1916, arguments that the=
US
>> was truly neutral in 1916 have their own potential to mislead.
>>
>> Tom
>>
>

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick Maume
Subject: Re: FARC at al
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From; Patrick Maume
This may not be the first indirect Farc influence on Norhtern Ireland. I
seem to remember hearing that when int he early 1990s the IPLO (an INLA
splinter group) became the first NI paramilitary organisation to engage in
drug-dealing, they justified it by pointing out that some left-wing
guerrilla movements in South America had done so. For the consequences of
this IPLO decision, see Cusack and MacDonald's mid-1990s book INLA: DEALDY
DIVISIONS.
Best wishes,
Patrick
On Fri, Nov 7, 2008 at 3:15 PM, Peter Hart wrote:

> Thanks very much Edmundo - very interesting and helpful!
>
> I have been writing a brief piece comparing the Fenians to other
> revolutionary
> secret societies - esp. in 19C Europe, which has made me think that a gre=
at
> topic for comparative survey would be Irish republicanism's international
> networks. Obviously, lots of work has been done on particular aspects of
> this,
> but it would be fascinating to draw it all together - and compare it to
> other
> revolutionary organisations. My impression is that Irish interactions ha=
ve
> been way less than average. Where many other groups have existed within
> wider
> and quite internationalist networks and movements - in Europe, Latin
> America,
> Asia, Africa - Irish republicans have been quite insular. Outside of the
> small
> example of the Spanish Civl War, where are the Irish volunteers in foreig=
n
> struggles? Just a thought...
>
> Quoting "Murray, Edmundo" :
>
> > The three Irishmen were detained on 11 August 2001 in Bogot=E1, while
> Bush's
> > global war on terror was announced on September 20th. The target was
> al-Qaeda
> > and terrorist/religious groups supported by them. No consideration was
> made
> > of FARC or Colombia at that time. Only in 2003, when president Uribe of
> > Colombia was already in office, the US significantly increased military
> > support to Colombian forces on their war against FARC ("Plan Libertad I=
"
> in
> > 2003 and "Plan Patriota" in 2004).
> >
> > Indeed, 9/11 was not good news for the three. Their situation in Bogot=
=E1's
> La
> > Picota jail immediately changed and they were relocated to the
> high-security
> > prison of DIJIN. In his book "Colombia Jail Journal" (2007) James
> Monaghan
> > (the most experienced of the three and confessed explosives expert of
> IRA)
> > wrote that at that time he estimated that 9/11 would be a blow to their
> legal
> > case. The Irish embassy in Mexico, which covers most of the Caribbean a=
nd
> > some South American countries, reacted early and sent their secretary
> Sile
> > Maguire. But after 9/11 the international involvement in the case
> increased
> > and the prisoners were visited by top-rank USA, British and Irish
> diplomats
> > and politicians.
> >
> > SF's involvement was fundamental to obtain support for the three at hom=
e,
> yet
> > trying to maintain a low profile. The intensive and effective pr campai=
gn
> > launched by Caitr=EDona Ruane through the media gained support from a g=
ood
> part
> > of the Irish public, and even from Irish circles in the US and UK, and
> > convinced the Irish government (not unanimously) that they should do
> > something for them.
> >
> > Labels such as "Colombia Three" and "Bring Them Home" (and more recentl=
y
> the
> > book's title "Colombia Jail Journal") establish an immediate associatio=
n
> in
> > the Irish public with other prisoners who were proven to be innocent
> people
> > framed by various members of the police force in the UK and imprisoned
> for
> > offences and crimes which they did not commit. The three men gained
> support
> > in Ireland not because they were innocent but because they were Irish.
> The
> > general reaction to the affair was best epithomised by an Irish scholar
> who
> > wrote that he was sure they weren't innocent, but he preferred to see
> them
> > walking free in Dublin streets than in a Colombian jail.
> >
> > For people in Colombia, accustomed to daily government corruption and t=
he
> > murderous behaviours of security forces, paramilitaries and terrorist
> groups
> > involved in the drug business, and maffiosi from the US, Lebanon, Italy=
,
> > France, Spain, China and many other parts of the world, the three Irish
> were
> > just a curiosity on the second or third page of the newspapers. However=
,
> most
> > of the media from right to left (except of course FARC-EP's fragile
> website)
> > were against the three Irishmen. I reckon that (as in the case of the
> Irish
> > public) the local reaction was also influenced by nationalist feelings,
> and
> > addtionally fuelled by EU's immigration policy against Colombian
> citizens.
> >
> > Ruane's publication (as editor) "Colombia: Judge for Yourself" (2003) w=
as
> a
> > very good example of orchestrating a campaign with seemingly strong leg=
al
> > arguments that are largely biased opinions from subjective observers. T=
he
> > publication was available online when I researched the subject in 2005,
> but
> > it was immediately dropped from the SF website when my article was
> published
> > in the journal. Needless to say, my own ongoing communications with Ms
> Ruane
> > went unanswered. A colourful part of this story is that during a few da=
ys
> > after launching the journal I received four threatening and anonymous
> emails
> > in English to drop my article from the journal's website
> > (http://www.irlandeses.org/21stC1.htm).
> >
> > Gerry Adams took distance from the whole affair. Later that year
> (December I
> > think) Adams and Gerry Kelly went to Cuba and resumed the work initiate=
d
> by
> > one of the three, Niall Connolly (see photo in
> > http://www.irlandeses.org/0903cfc.htm). This line was rather difficult
> to
> > follow up, but from two interviewees in Havana in December 2006, I lear=
nt
> > that the visit went far beyond formal discourses and monuments, and tha=
t
> a
> > commitment for financial cooperation was made in which arms were not
> > excluded. When Monaghan's book was published last year, there were also
> > differences between the author and his publisher, and Adams who
> apparently
> > did not supported the book.
> >
> > Edmundo Murray
> >
> > (by the way, we are still looking for a reviewer of Monaghan's book...)
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [mailto:IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK] On
> Behalf
> > Of Kerby Miller
> > Sent: 06 November 2008 16:42
> > To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
> > Subject: Re: [IR-D] FARC at al
> >
> >
> > But, what on earth would be the point of such an "official mission"?
> > I've never seen that question even addressed, much less answered,
> > even speculatively.
> >
> > The only possibility that seems to make even the remotest sense would
> > be that SF saw the possibility that seconding some of its most
> > dedicated and ideologically-committed activists to FARC (or similar
> > overseas groups) would get them out of Ireland and prevent them from
> > joining dissident republican groups at home.
> >
> > I.e., FARC could become a sort of French Foreign Legion for people
> > whose "struggle against evil empires," as they might see it, would no
> > longer be allowed at home.
> >
> > But, again, given the proverbially intense localism of people in
> > Northern Ireland, and of the IRA's own structure, I wonder whether
> > even that "explanation" makes much sense.
> >
> > (Yes, of course, my Foreign Legion analogy breaks down, since the
> > original, in which Devoy fought, was serving imperial, not
> > anti-imperial, interests. But otherwise....)
> >
> > By the way, what was the chronological relationship between the
> > Columbia Three (either the start of their alleged mission or their
> > arrest and media exposure) and 9/11 and the onset of the so-called
> > "war on terror"? That's an innocent question. I simply don't recall
> > the sequence, but, if the mission or its exposure took place AFTER
> > 9/11 and the start of GWOT, then the 1990s Lybian arms and socialist
> > analogies are less convincing.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > >Our problem here is a lack of good information. However, surely it
> looks
> > very
> > >suspicious, as did the supposedly unaffiliated campaign in Ireland ove=
r
> it
> > -
> > >run by Catriona Ruane, wasn't it, now a SF MLA and minister I think. =
I
> > doubt
> > >you'd find many observers who doubt that the 3 were on an official
> > >mission that
> > >they all wanted to keep secret. As for Irish-American opinion, that
> > >didn't stop
> > >the IRA from accepting Libyan arms in the 1980s, or from espousing a
> form
> > of
> > >socialism for decades.
> > >
> > >Peter Hart
> >
>

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Liam Clarke
Subject: Request
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I am interested in representations of 'the fool' in major/commercial
films/movies set in Ireland.=20

My searches have yielded the character played by John Mills in 'Ryan's
Daughter', the character played by John Hurt in 'The Field'. Possibly
Victor Mclaglen's depiction in 'The Informer', very possibly elements in
'The Quiet Man' and of course there's always 'Darby O'Gill and the
Little People'.=20

Can list members come up with any others? They all seem to be male for
some reason:


Best wishes


Liam Clarke=20

=20

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: 'the fool' in major/commercial films/movies
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From: "Gillespie, Michael"
To: "'The Irish Diaspora Studies List'"
Date: Fri, 7 Nov 2008 11:55:47 -0600

Dear Liam,

Of course a great deal depends upon how one defines fool. Here's a list of =
suggestions with a very broad view of the term:

The Butcher Boy--Francie Brady
Eat the Peach--Vinnie and Arthur
Home Is the Hero--Dovetail
Quackser Fortune Has a Cousin in the Bronx--Quackser Fortune
Garage--Josie
Sweety Barrett--Sweety Barrett
Spin the Bottle--almost any character
Wild about Harry--Harry
Magdalene Sisters--Crispina

I hope this helps.

Michael

Michael Patrick Gillespie
Louise Edna Goeden Professor of English


-----Original Message-----
From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [mailto:IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK] On Behal=
f Of Liam Clarke
Sent: Friday, November 07, 2008 11:06 AM
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: [IR-D] Request

I am interested in representations of 'the fool' in major/commercial
films/movies set in Ireland.

My searches have yielded the character played by John Mills in 'Ryan's
Daughter', the character played by John Hurt in 'The Field'. Possibly
Victor Mclaglen's depiction in 'The Informer', very possibly elements in
'The Quiet Man' and of course there's always 'Darby O'Gill and the
Little People'.

Can list members come up with any others? They all seem to be male for
some reason:


Best wishes


Liam Clarke

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Aaron Thornburg
Subject: Re: 'the fool' in major/commercial films/movies
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Again, depending on how you define the fool:

"Dancing at Lughnasa" might give you gendered one-two punch with Rosie and
Father Jack.

"Run of the Country" has Prunty, who might fit the bill.

And is there nobody among the motley crew in "Odd Man Out" that fits the bill?

What about extremely minor characters, like the somewhat dense seeming youth
boxer hanging up flyers in a pub in "The Boxer".

Aaron Thornburg
Duke University


Quoting Patrick O'Sullivan :

> From: "Gillespie, Michael"
> To: "'The Irish Diaspora Studies List'"
> Date: Fri, 7 Nov 2008 11:55:47 -0600
>
> Dear Liam,
>
> Of course a great deal depends upon how one defines fool. Here's a list of =
> suggestions with a very broad view of the term:
>
> The Butcher Boy--Francie Brady
> Eat the Peach--Vinnie and Arthur
> Home Is the Hero--Dovetail
> Quackser Fortune Has a Cousin in the Bronx--Quackser Fortune
> Garage--Josie
> Sweety Barrett--Sweety Barrett
> Spin the Bottle--almost any character
> Wild about Harry--Harry
> Magdalene Sisters--Crispina
>
> I hope this helps.
>
> Michael
>
> Michael Patrick Gillespie
> Louise Edna Goeden Professor of English
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [mailto:IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK] On Behal=
> f Of Liam Clarke
> Sent: Friday, November 07, 2008 11:06 AM
> To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
> Subject: [IR-D] Request
>
> I am interested in representations of 'the fool' in major/commercial
> films/movies set in Ireland.
>
> My searches have yielded the character played by John Mills in 'Ryan's
> Daughter', the character played by John Hurt in 'The Field'. Possibly
> Victor Mclaglen's depiction in 'The Informer', very possibly elements in
> 'The Quiet Man' and of course there's always 'Darby O'Gill and the
> Little People'.
>
> Can list members come up with any others? They all seem to be male for
> some reason:
>
>
> Best wishes
>
>
> Liam Clarke
>

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Dennis O'Driscoll interviews Seamus Heaney, The Guardian,
Saturday November 8 2008
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From today's Guardian...

'To set the darkness echoing'
'I've always associated the moment of writing with a moment of lift, of joy,
of unexpected reward' 'I always believed that whatever had to be written
would somehow get itself written,' says Seamus Heaney. In an intimate
exchange, the Nobel laureate talks to fellow Irish poet Dennis O'Driscoll
about his early writing life, the Troubles and the divide between private
man and public poet

* Dennis O'Driscoll
* guardian.co.uk, Saturday November 8 2008 00.01 GMT
* The Guardian, Saturday November 8 2008

Dennis O'Driscoll
You've said that, having so often read that you were born on a farm in
County Derry in 1939, you scarcely believe it any more. Can public life as a
prominent writer rob you of your private life? If so, does poetry restore
that missing life or at least provide some recompense?

Seamus Heaney
Many of the poems are doing something like that. You end up dropping back
through your own trapdoors, with a kind of
"they-can't-take-this-away-from-me" feeling. There's a paradox, of course,
since the poems that provide the recompense are the very ones that turn your
private possessions into images that are - as Yeats once said - "all on
show". Yet a poem saves as well as shows. The remark about not believing I
was born on a farm comes less from the poems than from reading too many
"Notes on Contributors"...

Full text at
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/nov/08/seamus-heaney-interview

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article, A Fateful Triangle? Tales of Art, Commerce,
and Science from the Irish Advertising Field
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A Fateful Triangle? Tales of Art, Commerce, and Science from the Irish
Advertising Field
Aidan Kelly
Katrina Lawlor
Stephanie O'Donohoe

Advertising & Society Review, Volume 9, Issue 3, 2008, pp. 1-48 (Article)
DOI: 10.1353/asr.0.0009

Subject Headings:
Advertising -- Ireland -- History.
Abstract
Abstract:

This paper examines the relations between art, commerce, and science in
advertising production, and explores how these relations interact in the
context of an Irish advertising agency. First, we develop a genealogy of
art, commerce and science in advertising that reviews contemporary research
perspectives on international advertising practice. We then outline a brief
history of the Irish advertising industry, and report on the findings of
discourse analytic interviews conducted with Irish advertising
professionals. We present these findings as five "interpretative
repertoires" which characterize the social process of advertising production
in the Irish agency, and the relations between art, commerce and science,
constructed within the interview accounts, as theorized from the data
analysis. The findings indicate that the values of commerce and science are
more dominant within the agency; art is discussed as a very distinct
discipline by Irish advertising practitioners. The paper concludes by
considering how the findings of the study enhance our understanding of the
everyday nature of advertising work.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article,
The Irish New Woman and Emily Lawless's Grania: The Story of an
Island:
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English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920
Volume 51, Number 4, 2008

E-ISSN: 1559-2715 Print ISSN: 0013-8339=20

DOI: 10.1353/elt.0.0003
The Irish New Woman and Emily Lawless=92s Grania: The Story of an =
Island:=20
A Congenial Geography
Heather Edwards
University of Notre Dame

There is a revealing moment in Grania: The Story of an Island (1892), by
Emily Lawless (1845=961913), when, upon arrival to Inishmaan, English =
tourists
(two women and their male chaperone) are unnerved by their meeting with
Grania. The Irish woman, aware of their attempt to objectify her as a
native, stares proudly back at them, defiantly countering their =
expectations
of being met by a subservient savage. Juxtaposing Grania with the =
English
female tourists highlights how Grania complicates the tendency to =
stereotype
the Irish as premodern and backward. The English, though they imagine
themselves as more advanced and modern, appear conventional in this =
scene,
not only in their adoption of stereotypes that they have heard and read
about the Irish, but also in their own performance of womanhood. They =
are
bound by convention in what they wear (=93a flutter of skirts and =
parasols=941)
and in their need for a male escort. Grania, on the other hand, emerges =
as
the unconventional figure. Forceful and unchaperoned, Grania=92s
unconventionality lies in her defiance of the tourists=92 expectations =
and her
achievement of a self-assurance, an independence that many women of the
nineteenth century could only dream of attaining.=20

Describing the women of Inishmaan in The Aran Islands (1907), J. M. =
Synge
commented: =93The women of this island are before conventionality, and =
share
some of the liberal features that are thought peculiar to the women of =
Paris
and New York.=942 The use of the phrase =93before conventionality=94 =
sets up a
hierarchal relationship between the time associated with conventionality =
and
the time Synge associates with the Aran Islands. In Synge=92s vision, =
the time
prior to conventionality is of higher value. In the same breath, =
however,
Synge links the Aran Islands with the =93liberal features=94 of =
cosmopolitan
women, evoking a familiar fin-de- si=E8cle figure, the rebellious New =
Woman3
who demands equal education, access to the public sphere, marriage =
reform
and an [End Page 421] end to sexual double standards. The contradiction =
that
Synge identifies in women from the West of Ireland lays bare a blind =
spot in
discussions on New Women that have relied on assumed links among =
modernity,
the New Woman figure, and the imperial center. This closes the =
possibility
of geographically marginal New Women figures who express place-specific
traits but nevertheless exhibit qualities and attitudes of more typical =
New
Women. Current work on this figure typically moves beyond establishing
general claims about a singular New Woman and follows up instead on a
program suggested by Angelique Richardson and Chris Willis: =93It is =
time to
ask not who was the New Woman? But who were the New Women?=97a question =
that
was far from settled at the fin de si=E8cle.=944 This article undertakes =
such a
clarification by spotlighting some of the geographic and geopolitical
specificities of New Woman discourses elucidated by Lawless=92s =
representation
of an Irish New Woman in Grania: The Story of an Island.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: 2 or 3 articles in PROCEEDINGS- HUGUENOT SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND, VOL 29; NUMB 1; 2008
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From: "Patrick O'Sullivan"

The latest issue of
PROCEEDINGS- HUGUENOT SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND
VOL 29; NUMB 1; 2008
ISSN 0957-0756

Has 2 items of interest...

pp. 37-50
Promised Land: Selling Ireland to French Protestants.
Whelan, R.

pp. 62-92
`Pensioners, Barbers, Valets or Markees'?: Jonathan Swift and Huguenot Bank
Investors in Ireland, 1721.
Costello, V.

Further, I deduce that this article too might be of interest
pp. 51-61
Abel Boyer, 1715-22: Boyer in the Dog-house Again.
Gibbs, G.C.

Because it continues Graham Gibbs' study of Boyer...

Gibbs, Graham C. 'Abel Boyer and Jonathan Swift : a "French dog" bites
back'. Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 27
(1999), 211-31. Publisher: Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
ISSN 09570756.

See Swift, Journal to Stella, Letter XXXII 'One Boyer, a French dog, has
abused me in a pamphlet...'

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Ultan Cowley
Subject: Re: FW: [IR-D] 2008 Irish Diaspora Forum at UCD, November 10 2008
In-Reply-To:
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Johanne

Are you really surprised by this? On one level it all comes down to =
the philanthropic impulse in America - not a noted characteristic of Irish =
Captains of Industry in the UK (the only other Irish diasporic 'critical ma=
ss). On another it reflects ingrained Establishment attitudes 'at home' to =
these disparate communities - one traditionally equated with 'success'; the=
other often associated with negative stereotypes too well known to need m=
ention. They like their comfort zones...

Ultan

---- "Patrick O'Sullivan" wrote:
> From: Trew Johanne [mailto:JD.Trew[at]ulster.ac.uk]=20
> Sent: 06 November 2008 13:41
> To: P.OSullivan[at]Bradford.ac.uk
> Subject: FW: [IR-D] 2008 Irish Diaspora Forum at UCD, November 10
> 2008
>=20
> Dear Paddy,
> =C2=A0
> Probably not PC to mention this (and I might get hammered for
> bringing=C2=A0it
> up), but is it my=C2=A0misreading or is there=C2=A0any Northern Ireland
> participation/mention at this event? And where is the rest of the
> diaspora?
> =C2=A0
> Not to be overly cynical but it kind of looks like an Ireland -
> America
> love-in to me. In other words, the usual!
> =C2=A0
> Johanne
> =C2=A0
> Johanne Devlin Trew, PhD
> University of Ulster
> jd.trew[at]ulster.ac.uk
> =C2=A0
> ________________________________________
>=20
> From: Patrick O'Sullivan [mailto:P.OSullivan[at]bradford.ac.uk]
>=20
> SOURCE
> http://www.ucd.ie/hume/
>=20
> Welcome to the 2008 Irish Diaspora Forum at UCD
>=20
> Last year, 1,000 people participated in our first Irish Diaspora
> Forum,
> which was held in New York.
>=20
> The purpose of the event is to explore and to stimulate discussion on
> issues
> that are of significance to people in Ireland and to people elsewhere
> who
> identify with Ireland and with Irishness, an estimated 80 million
> people
> world wide.
>=20
> Discussion will focus on four themes:
>=20
> =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 * New World Order? "Change" and the US administration
> =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 * "After the Deluge" Ireland and the Global Economy
> =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 * "Giving Back"- Can philanthropy shape the future?
> =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 * Irish Culture- A Global Bridge?
>=20
> Panels of special guest speakers will address specific topics, but the
> day
> is intended to be a forum and discussion and debate from other
> participants
> will be welcome.
>=20
> This year the conference will take place in the Global Irish
> Institute. The
> event is free to members of the public who wish to participate, but we
> ask
> that you register for the event as places are limited.
>=20
> I look forward to welcoming you to what should be a lively and
> stimulating
> day.
>=20
> Dr Hugh Brady
> President
> UCD
>=20
> 07.30 hours
> Registration
>=20
> 08.30 hours
> Welcome:
> Dr Hugh Brady, President UCD;
> Niall O'Dowd, Publisher Irish America Magazine;
> Loretta Brennan-Glucksman, Chairman American Ireland Funds
>=20
> 09.00 hours
> Session One:
> "After the Deluge: The future of the Global Economy"
>=20
> Karl Whelan, UCD School of Economics (Session Chair)
> Hugo MacNeill, Goldman Sachs
> John Gilmore COO Sling Media
> Colm McCarthy, UCD School of Economics
> Professor Eamonn Walsh, UCD Michael Smurfit Business School
> Ian Hyland; Publisher, Business and Finance Magazine
>=20
>=20
> 11.15 hours
> Session Two:
> "The New US Administration - Implications for Ireland and the World"
>=20
> Conor O'Clery (Session Chair)
> Bob Schmuhl, Professor of Journalism, Notre Dame and 2009 John Hume
> Visiting
> Fellow UCD.
> Grant Lally, National Co-chair Irish American Republicans
> Bruce Morrison, Former Member US House of Representatives
> HE Thomas C Foley, US Ambassador to Ireland
>=20
> 14.00 hours
> Session Three:
> "Giving Back - How Philanthropy Can Shape the Future"
>=20
> Fergus Finlay, Chief Executive, Barnardos (Session Chair)
> Gara LaMarche, CEO Atlantic Philanthropies
> Kingsley Aikins, President and CEO, The Ireland Funds
> Joan Burton, TD, Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
>=20
> 15.00 hours
> Conference Address
> President Mary McAleese, President of Ireland
>=20
> 16.00 hours
> Session Four:
> "Irish Culture - The Global Bridge"
> John Kelly RTE (Session Chair)
> Lenny Abrahamson, Film Producer
> Hugo Hamilton, Novelist
> Eugene Downes: Chief Executive Culture Ireland
> Declan Kiberd, Professor of Anglo-Irish Literature UCD
> Jim Flannery, Director of the W. B. Yeats Foundation and the Winship
> Professor of Arts and Humanities at Emory University.
> Frank McGuinness, Playwright and Professor of Creative Writing, UCD
>=20
> 17.30 hours
> Conference Close & Reception

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article,
Leaving Home: The Politics of Deportation in Postwar Britain
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This is an intriguing piece of research...

Recommended.

P.O'S.


Journal of British Studies 47 (October 2008): 852-882
C 2008 by The North American Conference on British Studies.
All rights reserved.
0021-9371/2008/4704-0001$10.00
DOI: 10.1086/590168

Leaving Home: The Politics of Deportation in Postwar Britain

Jordanna Bailkin

Opening paragraphs...

Scholars of race and migration in modern Britain have been preoccupied
overwhelmingly with questions of access: which individuals and groups have
been allowed or forbidden to enter Britain, and what conditions have been
placed on their entry.1 The post-1945 period in particular has been
characterized by the intensification of restrictions on the rights of
British citizenship, as migrants from South Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean
faced increasingly discriminatory entry controls in the United Kingdom.
Clearly, governmental anxieties about the acceleration of migrants of color
after the Second World War created formidable new barriers for many
individuals. But it is equally important to note that entry is only one part
of the story of race and citizenship in postwar Britain. This article asks,
what happens if we look at another moment in the process of migration-not
restricted entry but forced exit? How did the politics of involuntary
departure compare to that of voluntary arrival?

This article begins to respond to these questions by tracing the evolution
of thought and practice regarding deportation in postwar Britain. Historians
have typically treated deportation as part of the rule of war and most
frequently as a corollary of the waves of ethnic cleansing that
characterized Europe after 1945. But Britain's deportation policies after
the Second World War were generated by the distinctive demands of public
order and policing in a multiethnic empire.2 These demands produced
surprising and often counterintuitive results. Scholars of migration history
have generally assumed-if they have addressed the question of deportation at
all-that as the British state's power to deport was strengthened, people of
color from South Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean were the primary targets.3
That is, those who faced the harshest entry controls were also more likely
to face expulsion, and the politics of exit mirrored precisely that of
entry.4 This interpretation has been driven in part by the overwhelming
focus in the British press on West Indian crime throughout the 1950s and
1960s, which designated West Indians as the subjects most in need of
surveillance and discipline. Given these assumptions, it is startling to
discover that most deportees from postwar Britain were not West Indians,
Africans, or South Asians, but the Irish. Between 1962 and 1969, 60 percent
of deportees from Britain were citizens of the Republic of Ireland.5 By way
of contrast, West Indians-the archetypal criminals of the popular
imagination-constituted only 15 percent of deportees during this same
period.

NOTE
Jordanna Bailkin is associate professor of history and women's studies at
the University of Washington. She is currently at work on a book about
decolonization and social science in Britain after the Second World War.
Initial research for this project was supported by the Royalty Research Fund
and the Keller Fund at the University of Washington. Earlier versions of
this article were presented at the North American Conference on British
Studies (Boston, 2006) and the "Crime, Violence, and the Modern State"
Conference at the University of Crete (Rethymno, 2007). She thanks the
audiences in both venues, and especially her NACBS commentator, Susan
Pedersen, for helpful comments. Her appreciation also goes to David Feldman
for his thoughts at a very early stage of her research, to Michael Hassett
for generously sharing his own work on Irish political violence, and to
David Lieberman for his thoughtful critiques. Anna Clark and the two
anonymous readers for the Journal of British Studies also made exceptionally
useful suggestions, for which she is grateful.

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article, The Birth of the African-Irish Diaspora
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International Migration
Volume 46 Issue 5, Pages 119 - 142

Published Online: 3 Nov 2008

Journal compilation C 2008 International Organization for Migration

The Birth of the African-Irish Diaspora: Pregnancy and Post-Natal
Experiences of African Immigrant Women in Ireland
Dianna J. Shandy* and David V. Power**
* Associate Professor of Anthropology, Macalester College, Minnesota.
** Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine and Community
Health, University of Minnesota, Minnesota.
Copyright Journal compilation C 2008 International Organization for
Migration

ABSTRACT

This article presents findings from a study of African immigration to
Ireland. Set against a background description of who these recent immigrants
are and why they come, this research, based primarily in a Dublin maternity
hospital, looks at the experiences of pregnant and post-partal African women
to explore questions surrounding use of maternity services and their
relationship to larger issues of integration into Irish society. This
gendered segment of the population is of particular interest, as the
phenomenon of Irish-born children to non-national parents has been a
lightning rod issue in immigration debates in Ireland, leading to a June
2004 referendum limiting access to citizenship by birth in unprecedented
ways. Ireland, long a country characterized by emigration, only recently
transitioned to a nation of net immigration, and, as such, is grappling with
the implications of its rapidly changing ethnic make-up in questions of race
and racism, allocation of social welfare entitlements, and effective health
and human services delivery. Through this exploration of the phenomenon of
inscribing immigration debates on African women's bodies, this article
highlights racism, family reunification, the right to work, and the lengthy
process of adjudicating immigration claims as significant obstacles to
integration into Irish society. Through this analysis, this article also
provides empirical data that feed into ongoing debates about the meaning of
"African diaspora."

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Book Review, Coleman, American Indians, the Irish,
and Government Schooling
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Michael C. Coleman's articles have been noticed previously on Ir-D.

The following book

Michael C. Coleman.
American Indians, the Irish, and Government Schooling: A Comparative Study.
(Indigenous Education.)
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 2007. Pp. xii, 367. $49.95.

was reviewed in

The American Historical Review, 113:797-797, June 2008

by
Joel Pfister

Extracts...
Michael C. Coleman's book provides a superb history of U.S. government
Indian schools (mainly boarding schools run by whites) and British
government Irish schools (day schools administered by the Irish) from the
1820s to the 1920s. Coleman makes a compelling case for comparative history.
He offers more than a history of education in a narrow sense because what
Indian and Irish students experienced was a comprehensive, yet never total,
process that "extended influences into every area of Irish [and Indian]
life" (p. 266). Reading it I was reminded of Ann Laura Stoler's provocative
comparative histories and also Katherine Ellinghaus's fascinating Taking
Assimilation to Heart: Marriages of White Women to Indian Men in the United
States and Australia, 1887-1937 (2006). Coleman studies how schools
functioned as a "weapon of state" (p. 38) designed to assimilate what the
ruling groups viewed as a "'problem population'" (p. 57).

Coleman combats the framework of both American and Irish exceptionalism by
analyzing the similar-as well as distinct-patterns of institutionalized
"deculturation" and "enculturation" (p. 64) in "hegemonic systems of
domination" (p. 240)...

...Coleman's work generated several questions in my mind. He, like some
other historians, characterizes what most Indian and Irish students
underwent as "proletarianization" (p. 268). The reproduction of class is
clear in the Irish history. Coleman notes that the category of class might
not apply to Indians because they were classified as "culturally different"
(p. 268). But might historians revisit how class formation related to
Indians? Indian boarding school students were trained vocationally to be
skilled and semi-skilled laborers. The Society of American Indians founded
in 1911-mostly made up of boarding school students, some of whom made it to
college-tactically considered their opportunities in the class structure. If
Indians thought about themselves in terms of class, should not historians do
so? As noted, Coleman frames school as a weapon of state. Might capitalism,
not just the state, play a greater causal role in Coleman's explanations? At
times U.S. federal policies were formed on the premise that predatory land
grabbing was unstoppable.

This impressively researched and argued comparative history inspires as well
as instructs the historical imagination.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Book Review,
Emigrant Homecomings: The Return Movement of Emigrants,
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The following book

Marjory Harper, ed.
Emigrant Homecomings: The Return Movement of Emigrants, 1600-2000
. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005. Pp. xi+276. $74.95 (cloth).

Was reviewed in

Journal of British Studies 47 (April 2008): 435-436
DOI: 10.1086/588336

by
Lia Paradis,
Slippery Rock University

Extracts...

Considering the sheer volume and variety of migration within the British
Empire, it isn't surprising, perhaps, that only recently has serious
attention been paid to the phenomenon of colonial return. Perhaps, as
Alistair Thomson suggests in his contribution to Emigrant Homecomings,
discussing homesickness among British migrants to Australia, there is a
"historical amnesia" in migrant nations, intent instead on "the struggles
and successes of the migrants who stayed on," rather than those who returned
to Britain (106). Or perhaps, as Alexia Grosjean suggests, returnees have
not figured prominently in metropolitan history because they were seen as
failures, even though in the case of the Scots that she is discussing, the
sheer scale of migration meant that returnees would necessarily exist in
significant numbers...

...For many readers, Mark Wyman and Patrick Fitzgerald's chapters, offering
overviews of the phenomenon, may be the most useful, given the
aforementioned paucity of material yet available about return migration to
Great Britain. They work well together, as Wyman offers a survey of the
phenomenon across Europe, and Fitzgerald then provides the more particular
details of Irish return migration....

The real strength of the volume, however, lies in the chapters that address
what Harper has named the mechanisms of return, but which are really
preoccupied with migrants' growing recognition of, and reconciliation with,
a transnational identity. Bruce Elliot interprets masculine performativity
in the choices of Irish migrants to Canada and the United States within the
mid-nineteenth-century context of both Ireland and the migrant
communities...

...Although the volume is both sprawling, attempting to cover four
centuries, and narrow, with multiple contributions on the return from Canada
and Australia and the return to Scotland and Ireland, Emigrant Homecomings:
The Return Movement of Emigrants, 1600-2000 merits attention, not least
because it is a much needed early foray into what promises to be a growing
field of inquiry. It provides an overview of the field as it stands, as well
as a variety of case studies that focus on the individual rather than the
process of return migration.

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: RIP James Liddy
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From: D C Rose [mailto:oscholars[at]gmail.com]
James Liddy, OWSoA Poet Laureate, has died

Forwarded to the IR-D list...


The Oscar Wilde Society of America mourns the death of our Poet
Laureate and founding member, James Liddy.

James died Wednesday, 5 November 2008, at his home in Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, following a brief illness.

Today's Irish Times aptly records that he was "one of Ireland's
leading poets and the creator of a body of work unique in both
contemporary Irish and American literature."
http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/obituaries/2008/1108/1225925564137.html

Tributes from friends, former students, and fellow poets are appearing
on the internet. We direct those interested to a few via the links here:
http://www.poetryireland.ie/publications/guest-blog/?p=49

http://mikebegnal.blogspot.com/

To these we add only that James was Wildean in every sense of the
word, a dear friend, and a guiding spirit of Wilde scholarship. He is
missed. His spirit lives on.

A powerful force has left this plane. With smiles behind. In memoriam,
kindly raise a pint and write a poem.

We extend our deepest condolences to his family and friends.

Sincerely,
Marilyn Bisch and Joan Navarre

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Book Review,
Immigration and Social Change in the Republic of Ireland
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The following book

Bryan Fanning, ed.
Immigration and Social Change in the Republic of Ireland
. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007. Pp. xii+262. $74.95
(cloth).

Was reviewed in
Journal of British Studies 47 (October 2008): 990=96991
DOI: 10.1086/592936

By
Steve Garner,
University of the West of England=96Bristol

EXTRACTS....

There has been a rapid growth in writing on immigration into the =
Republic of
Ireland commensurate with the nation's transition into a country of net
immigration (since 1996). Studies so far have covered the new =
configurations
of racism in turn-of-the-century Ireland, as well as the adjustments of
Irish society to its new status, critiques of policy, and newer studies =
of
immigrant communities (notable among these, in addition to Bryan =
Fanning's
work, are R. Lentin and R. McVeigh, eds., Racism and Anti-Racism in =
Ireland
[Belfast, 2002], and After Optimism: Ireland, Racism and Globalisation
[Dublin, 2006]). A specialist online journal, Translocations, has also =
been
started up in recent years (http://www.translocations.ie). One of this =
first
wave of contributions was Fanning's Racism and Social Change in the =
Republic
of Ireland (2002), which dealt with the Republic's history of =
constructing
minorities and addressing them socially and politically: Travellers, =
Jews,
Protestants, and, more recently, immigrants (both labor migrants and =
asylum
seekers). The current volume, he states in the introduction, was planned =
as
a sister publication...

...The chapters range from theoretical syntheses of literature on human
rights (Fanning) and integration (Mac =C9inr=ED), through analyses of
legislation (Mullally; Fanning), to studies of migrant groups (Ugba,
Halilovic-Pastuovic; Lichtsinn and Veale; Feldman) and analyses of the
economic contexts for migration into Ireland (Allen; Barrett and =
Bergin).

The empirical qualitative fieldwork is the most arresting, especially =
the
two chapters on the impacts of asylum status on Nigerian single mothers
(Lichtsinn and Veale) and a variety of asylum-seeking individuals
interviewed by Ryan and colleagues. These insert the reader into a
relationship with the subjects at a level beyond the discourses that
construct immigrants as one-dimensional figures in various negative =
ways.
These chapters demonstrate the alienating consequences of leaving people
disempowered and in administrative limbo. This is complicated further in =
the
Irish case by the fallout from government action on citizenship and the
response to Irish children born to foreign nationals over recent years
(Mullally)...=20

...In light of these narratives, Piar=E1s Mac =C9inr=ED's subtle, =
probing chapter
on integration near the end of the book reads as a poignant call for
reviewing the assumptions on which asylum and immigration policies are
rooted.

Of the work based on secondary sources, Kieran Allen's outline of the
neoliberal framework of Ireland's immigration policy highlights the
construction of immigrants as solely temporary economic units, while =
Alice
Feldman's survey of the migrant voluntary sector illustrates the
organizational obstacles facing that sector as a whole, in addition to =
those
of bodies seeking to broaden the agenda beyond racial discrimination.

...I thus have two critical observations to make. First, the range of =
essays
here is interestingly and laudably eclectic and does include migrants as
contributors, but there is also a noticeable and major gap: nothing here
deals directly with those Eastern and Central European migrants who have
composed the majority of foreign nationals to immigrate to Ireland since
1999.

Second, while the various roles of the State are foregrounded by some, =
there
is space here for a more ambitious synthetic essay=97at the end=97which =
brings
some of these threads together. The State is a central actor in the
processes around immigration, and in this collection it acts on the =
people
it has the power to control (asylum seekers, labor migrants who need =
visas),
but it has little power over EU nationals, a phenomenon also visible in =
the
British government's ongoing focus on making access to citizenship more
difficult as a solution to perceptions of immigrants absorbing precious
resources. Of course, the need for an overarching essay at the end, =
rather
than the obligatory and usually weary outline of contents is a critique =
that
can be leveled at most collections in the social sciences. However, it =
is
nevertheless pertinent to an emerging field that has reached a point =
where
more theoretically sophisticated and possibly international comparative =
work
should be emerging. The challenge for scholars in this field is to make =
that
analytical step up.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Diaspora TV On Hold As RT=?utf-8?Q?=C3=89?= Cuts Spending
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10 November 2008
Diaspora TV On Hold As RT=C3=89 Cuts Spending

The new RT=C3=89 channel for Irish citizens living in the UK is to be =
shelved following an announcement of a =E2=82=AC50 million budget cut by =
the television company.

RT=C3=89 is to make the cuts, which will amount to 10% of its total =
operation costs, next year and by cutting the Diaspora TV project it is =
hoped will bring savings of almost =E2=82=AC2 million.

The Diaspora channel was intended to extend RT=C3=89's viewing =
throughout the UK on the Freesat service, and would be a hybrid of =
RT=C3=89 One and RT=C3=89 2 with additional programming from TG4.

The channel was expected to begin on St Patrick's day next year, and =
would serve the 850,000 Irish born people living in the UK, along with =
the huge number of those of direct Irish descent.

RT=C3=89 had lost considerable income from TV advertising, mostly in the =
last four months of this year as the economic downturn curtailed the =
marketing budgets of commercial companies.

Source
http://www.4rfv.co.uk/industrynews.asp?id=3D85095

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: On old age: Rare 1535 book found at King's Inns by DCU researcher
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On old age: Rare 1535 book found at King's Inns by DCU researcher

A rare edition of a text by Cicero on old age, published in London almost
five hundred years ago, has been discovered at King's Inns Library, Dublin.
No other copy is known to exist in Ireland. It was produced sixteen years
before the first book of any kind was printed in Ireland.

Just ten copies of this edition of Cicero are known to survive
internationally, eight in Britain and two in the USA.

Professor Colum Kenny of Dublin City University found the edition while
engaged in research for a lecture to be delivered today, Tuesday, 4th
November, at 5pm in the King's Inns Library: "On lawyers, their obligations
and the Cicero collection at King's Inns Library".

The short work which has been discovered is a dual-language version of
Cicero's famous tract 'On Old Age - De Senectute', in Latin and English. It
was printed in London in 1535 by John Bydell, who learnt his trade from
Wynkyn de Worde, a pupil of William Caxton. Caxton was the first man to
operate a printing press in England.

This newly discovered copy includes an English translation by Robert
Whittington (1480-1553), then teacher of the noble youths of the royal
household of King Henry VIII.

The work was found bound into the back of a larger volume, acquired by
King's Inns Library sometime in the nineteenth century. It had never been
identified on the spine of its joint binding or in the library catalogue.
The oldest volume in King's Inns Library is also an edition of Cicero, On
duty, which is believed to have been printed in France about 1485.

Kenny's lecture is the nineteenth in a series of lectures in legal
bibliography organised by Hugh M. Fitzpatrick, library and information
consultant.

Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 - 43 BC) was a Roman lawyer, politician and
philosopher who met a brutal end. In forced retirement from the courts and
senate, he was hunted down by enemies who chopped off his head and hands
before placing them on public display. Moral aspects of Cicero's works later
inspired intellectual 'fathers' of the Christian church such as St Ambrose
and St Augustine, while the complexity and quality of his writings delighted
humanists such as Petrarch and Erasmus. Recently, blockbuster author Robert
Harris based his novel IMPERIUM (Hutchinson, 2006) on Cicero's life.

Cicero was very widely read in Europe into the nineteenth century, and
survived on school curricula even more recently. The dates of publication of
some fifty Cicero titles in King's Inns Library span more than five hundred
years from shortly after the birth of printing in Europe, and reflect his
abiding influence.

source
http://www.dcu.ie/news/2008/nov/s1108a.shtml

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Rise in number of Irish deported from US
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Rise in number of Irish deported from US

CONN CORRIGAN

INCREASING NUMBERS of Irish people are being sent home from the United
States due to a big rise in overall deportations.

In the New York consular area, 27 Irish people have been deported so far
this year, compared to 12 for the whole of 2006. The area comprises New
York, New Jersey and Connecticut, and seven other states in the east and
southeast of the US.

The total number of deportations of Irish people from the US is also up: in
2006, 41 were deported; in 2007, 53; and so far this year, 58 have been
expelled for immigration violations, figures from the Irish consulates
reveal.

The trend reflects an increase in deportations across the US. Figures from
US immigration and customs enforcement, a branch of the department of
homeland security, show a dramatic rise in deportations since 2001. That
year there were 116,460 "removals". By October of this year, there were
349,041, an increase of more than 20 per cent from 2007.

Donald Kerwin, vice-president of programmes for the Migration Policy
Institute, a Washington-based think tank that studies immigration, said a
variety of factors had "conspired to greatly increase the numbers of
deportations".

Full text at
http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2008/1104/1225523343309.html

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Johnson Chair in Quebec and Canadian Irish Studies,
Concordia University, Montreal
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Concordia University in Montreal invites applications for its =
prestigious
new Johnson Chair in Quebec and Canadian Irish Studies.=A0=20
For further details, see the website:

http://cdnirish.concordia.ca/

Please circulate this message widely.

Patrick O'Sullivan

--
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan Email Patrick
O'Sullivan Personal Fax 0044 (0) 709 236 =
9050

Irish-Diaspora list Irish Diaspora Net
http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities University of Bradford =
Bradford
BD7 1DP Yorkshire England

=A0