Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Ruth Barton
Subject: "Visual Correspondence: Analysing Letters through Data
Visualisation"
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Posted on behalf of Niall O'Leary:


Ever wondered how social networks worked in the centuries before email and =
social media. Just how global was a correspondent's circle of friends? Ho=
w many letters would a 19th Century personality have to write to maintain t=
heir profile? And what does the very act of letter writing tell us about t=
he past?

"Visual Correspondence: Analysing Letters through Data Visualisation", (htt=
p://letters.nialloleary.ie/) is a new website devoted to the analysis of h=
istorical correspondence. Bringing cutting edge technology to bear on an a=
ge old tradition, it uses a variety of open source tools to map and graphic=
ally illustrate the networks, activities and locations of a variety of corr=
espondents, including:

Ambrose Bierce
Arthur Machen
Bess of Hardwick
Carl Maria von Weber
Charles Darwin
Daniel O'Connell
Emile Zola
Henrik Ibsen
Howard Phillips Lovecraft
James Barry
James Connolly
John Millington Synge
Mark Twain Letters
Rene Descartes
Roger Casement
Sean O'Casey
Thomas MacGreevy
Vincent van Gogh
William Culen


among many others. Using only basic metadata, 25 different data visualisat=
ions enable the user to gain new insights into over 163,000 letters from 28=
collections. And more visualisations are planned for the future.

The project builds on work originally undertaken with Coventry University, =
the Mellon Centre for Migration Studies, and others on the project, =93Digi=
tising Experiences of Migration=94 (http://lettersofmigration.blogspot.ie).=
=91Visual Correspondences=92 includes that project=92s collection of lette=
rs, and many of the tools built for it, but extends its functionality and b=
readth. Letters from a variety of online (and offline) sources, have been =
brought together behind one
interactive interface.

All of the visualisations available on this site are interactive allowing t=
he user to tailor their queries to their own particular needs. Where the si=
te is particularly useful is in tracking a person=92s movements, activity a=
nd development over time. Often this allows us to fill in a gap in the biog=
raphical record. It is hoped that these data visualisations will serve as =
springboards to further research.

As well as providing tools to visualise the metadata, in bringing together =
detail on sender, recipient, place and date for over 163,000 letters, 'Visu=
al Correspondence' provides a new way to explore the letters themselves. W=
here possible, links back to the original texts are provided. Also using da=
ta from DBpedia, biographical information and more has been added to put th=
e letters themselves in more context. Hopefully in exploring this site, the=
user will begin to see letter writing for the valuable part of our history=
that it is.

Please contact me if you wish to know more.

Niall O'Leary
nialljpoleary[at]gmail.com

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Anne Solari
Subject: Glucksman Ireland House NYU to mark Easter 1916 Rising:: VIDEO
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IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Glucksman Ireland House NYU announces Easter 1916 Rising
programs


Glucksman Ireland House NYU announces a major program of events
commemorating Easter 1916 Rising

New York University=E2=80=99s Center for Irish and Irish-American Studies a=
nnounced
its lineup of public events to mark the 100th anniversary of Ireland=E2=80=
=99s
Easter Rising, a significant anti-colonial revolt during World War I.

A preeminent center for the academic study of Irish and Irish-American
history, literature and culture, Glucksman Ireland House chose to announce
its much-anticipated program to coincide with the centenary of the death of
Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa in New York City on June 29, 1915.

O'Donovan Rossa, who was exiled for his revolutionary activities in the
1860s, arrived in New York City in 1871 and spent the next forty years of
his life there advocating for Irish freedom.

Rossa was buried in Dublin on August 1st. =E2=80=9CThe fools, the fools, t=
he fools!
They have left us our Fenian dead, and while Ireland holds these graves,
Ireland unfree shall never be at peace,=E2=80=9D P=C3=A1draig Pearse predic=
ted over
O=E2=80=99Donovan
Rossa=E2=80=99s coffin, in an oration that anticipated the Rising eight mon=
ths later
as well as widespread support for an independent Irish Republic.

Uniquely amongst the many global commemorations planned to mark the
centenary of the Rising, Glucksman Ireland House NYU will focus specificall=
y
on the role of America in the Easter 1916 Rising.

NYU=E2=80=99s programs will shed new light on the trans-Atlantic context of=
the
Rising, examining the actions and motives of Irish cultural and political
nationalists who came to the United States before 1916 and of the Americans
who served as their support network.

Events will run monthly in New York in Fall 2015 and Spring 2016. They wil=
l
include evenings dedicated to music, poetry, and prose that will
particularly revisit the rhetoric of independence in the years leading up t=
o
1916 that informed American actions. As part of the NYU program, Paul
Muldoon has been commissioned to write a new poem and there will be a
three-day academic conference on April 20-22, 2016, opening with a film
screening and keynote lectures by historians Joe Lee, David Brundage, and
Timothy Meagher, among others.

Schedule of events available on the web at www.irelandhouse.fas.nyu.edu

WATCH THE VIDEO: https://youtu.be/tWp35VW9QaI
including archival footage

ABOUT NYU'S GLUCKSMAN IRELAND HOUSE
Glucksman Ireland House is NYU=E2=80=99s Center for Irish and Irish-America=
n Studies
and one of the top-ranked academic Irish Studies programs in the United
States. Through innovative undergraduate and graduate academic curricula an=
d
extensive public programming, it provides access to the best in Irish and
Irish-American culture. Its initiatives include the American Journal of
Irish Studies, an extensive oral history project, and a weekly cultural
affairs radio program Saturday mornings on WNYE 91.5FM.

CONTACT
Anne Solari
Assistant Director, Glucksman Ireland House NYU
Phone: (212) 998-3952
Email: anne.solari[at]nyu.edu
Web: http://www.irelandhouse.fas.nyu.edu
Facebook: www.facebook.com/gihnyu
Twitter: https://twitter.com/gihnyu

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From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: New Book: Patrick Henry Jones
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The following book from LSU Press has come to our attention.




Patrick Henry Jones


Irish American, Civil War General, and Gilded Age Politician


by Mark H. Dunkelman

288 pages / 6.00 x 9.00 inches / 9 halftones



Patrick Henry Jones's obituary vowed that "his memory shall not fade among
men." Yet in little more than a century, history has largely forgotten
Jones's considerable accomplishments in both the Civil War and the Gilded
Age that followed. In this masterful biography, Mark H. Dunkelman resurrects
Jones's story and restores his rightful standing as an exceptional military
officer and influential politician of nineteenth-century America.

Patrick Henry Jones (1830-1900), a poor Irish immigrant, began his career in
journalism before gaining admittance to the New York bar. When the Civil War
erupted in 1861, Jones volunteered for service in the Union Army, where he
rose steadily through the ranks of the 37th New York, became colonel of the
154th New York, and eventually attained the rank of brigadier general. Jones
was one of only twelve native Irishmen ever to reach that rank in the
federal forces.

When the war ended, Jones's reputation as a military hero granted him entry
into politics under the mentorship of editor Horace Greeley and politician
Reuben E. Fenton. He served in both elective and appointed offices in the
state of New York, navigating the corruptions, scandals, and political
upheavals of the Gilded Age. Ultimately, his entanglement with one of the
most sensational crimes of his era-a high-profile grave-robbing from the
cemetery of St. Mark's Church-tainted his name and ruined his
once-respectable career.

In the first full-length biographical account of this important figure,
Patrick Henry Jones tells the quintessentially American story of an
immigrant who overcame both his humble origins and the rampant xenophobia of
mid-nineteenth-century America to achieve a level of prominence equaled by
few of his peers. - See more at:
http://lsupress.org/books/detail/patrick-henry-jones/#sthash.rQQfQKW7.dpuf



See more at:
http://lsupress.org/books/detail/patrick-henry-jones/#sthash.rQQfQKW7.dpuf





William H. Mulligan, Jr.

Professor of History

Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]

Murray State University

Murray KY 42071-3341 USA

office phone 1-270-809-6571

dept phone 1-270-809-2231

fax 1-270-809-6587

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: New Book: An Unlikely Union
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An Unlikely Union


The Love-Hate Story of New York's Irish and Italians


. Paul Moses

368 pages

27 halftones, 1 figure

July, 2015

ISBN: 9781479871308

They came from the poorest parts of Ireland and Italy, and met as rivals on
the sidewalks of New York. In the nineteenth century and for long after, the
Irish and Italians fought in the Catholic Church, on the waterfront, at
construction sites, and in the streets. Then they made peace through
romance, marrying each other on a large scale in the years after World War
II. An Unlikely Union unfolds the dramatic story of how two of America's
largest ethnic groups learned to love and laugh with each other in the wake
of decades of animosity.

The vibrant cast of characters features saints such as Mother Frances X.
Cabrini, who stood up to the Irish American archbishop of New York when he
tried to send her back to Italy, and sinners like Al Capone, who left his
Irish wife home the night he shot it out with Brooklyn's Irish mob. Also
highlighted are the love affair between radical labor organizers Elizabeth
Gurley Flynn and Carlo Tresca; Italian American gangster Paul Kelly's
alliance with Tammany's "Big Tim" Sullivan; hero detective Joseph
Petrosino's struggle to be accepted in the Irish-run NYPD; and Frank
Sinatra's competition with Bing Crosby to be the country's top male
vocalist.

In this engaging history of the Irish and Italians, veteran New York City
journalist and professor Paul Moses offers an archetypal American story. At
a time of renewed fear of immigrants, it demonstrates that Americans are
able to absorb tremendous social change and conflict-and come out the better
for it.



http://nyupress.org/books/9781479871308/





William H. Mulligan, Jr.

Professor of History

Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]

Murray State University

Murray KY 42071-3341 USA

office phone 1-270-809-6571

dept phone 1-270-809-2231

fax 1-270-809-6587

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: New Article: "Transatlantic steerage fares, British and
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The following article has come to our attention through the newsletter of
the Immigration and Ethnic History Society.



"Transatlantic steerage fares, British and

Irish migration, and return migration,

1815-60"



By JOHN KILLICK



The Economic History Review 67 (2014); 170-191.



This article argues that the massive increase in transatlantic British and
Irish emigration

after 1840 was enabled by declining fares and ocean travel costs. New series

of transatlantic steerage fares drawn from the unique Cope Line records at
the

Historical Society of Pennsylvania (HSP) show westward fares fell rapidly
from 1830.

Adjusted for British and US manual wages, westward travel costs, including
provisions,

almost halved between 1847 and 1851-3, when Irish migration peaked. Hence

although the Irish had to leave Ireland, they might not otherwise have gone
so

extensively to North America. Eastward travel costs also fell after 1830,
encouraging

an unexpectedly large return migration to Britain in the late 1850s, and
maybe earlier.



William H. Mulligan, Jr.

Professor of History

Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]

Murray State University

Murray KY 42071-3341 USA

office phone 1-270-809-6571

dept phone 1-270-809-2231

fax 1-270-809-6587

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: CFP: XXI Ulster-American Heritage Symposium
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XXI Ulster-American Heritage Symposium 2016 Mellon Centre for Migration
Studies


Ulster-American Folk Park, Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland

Wednesday 22 June - Saturday 25 June, 2016




'Forty Years On:


current directions in Ulster-American Heritage Studies'



The first Ulster-American Heritage Symposium, hosted by the New University
of Ulster, Coleraine, was held in 1976. When the twenty-first Symposium is
held in 2016 it will be 'Forty Years On'. Therefore our aim in 2016 will be
to review the achievements of Ulster-American Heritage Studies over the last
forty years, explore current directions, and discuss prospects for the next
forty years. The centenaries of the Easter Rising and the Battle of the
Somme will be marked in 2016 by many scholarly gatherings focused on
'dealing with the past'. We look forward to reviewing the contribution of
Ulster-American heritage studies in this regard, to learning from as many
past contributors as possible, and welcoming new scholars in the field.

Since 1976 the Ulster-American Heritage Symposium has met every two years,
alternating between co-sponsoring universities and museums in Ulster and
North America. Its purpose is to encourage scholarly study and public
awareness of the historical connections between Ulster and North America
including what is commonly called the Scotch-Irish or Ulster-Scots heritage.
The Symposium has as its general theme the process of transatlantic
emigration and settlement, and links between England, Scotland, Ireland and
North America. Its approach is inter-disciplinary, encouraging dialogue
between those working in different fields including history, language and
literature, geography, archaeology, anthropology, folklife, religion and
music.

Confirmed keynote speakers in Omagh 2016 will be Michael 'Mick' Moloney of
Glucksman Ireland House, New York University Global Distinguished Professor
of Irish Studies and Music, and Dr Bill Smith, Chairman of the Ministerial
Advisory Group on the Ulster-Scots Academy (MAGUS). Professor Moloney will
speak on '"If It Wasn't for the Irish and the Jews": Exploring Irish and
Jewish Historic Musical Links and Influences on Vaudeville and Early Tin Pan
Alley in America', and Dr Smith will speak about plans to develop a parallel
academy in the United States.

The programme will include celebrations of two recent publications
associated with the Symposium:




Wayfaring Strangers: The Musical Voyage from Scotland and Ulster to
Appalachia, by Doug Orr and Fiona Ritchie (University of North Carolina
Press, 2014)

Irish Hunger and Migration: Myth, Memory and Memorialization, edited by
Patrick Fitzgerald, Christine Kinealy and Gerard Moran (Quinnipiac
University Press, 2015), which includes a Foreword by Warren Hofstra and
Brian Lambkin reflecting on the almost forty-year history of the Symposium.

As always offers of papers related to the broad theme of the Symposium are
welcome. This year the organisers would be especially glad to receive offers
related to the particular theme of the history and future of Ulster-American
Heritage studies; the themes of the keynote speakers; the themes of the two
publications mentioned; the themes of the 2014 Symposium programme in
Athens, including the American Civil War; legacy and commemoration related
to the migration of 1718; North Americans in Ulster; the 'Decade of
Centenaries, 2012-2022', the theme of 'migration objects' (a small
exhibition of 'migration objects related to the Mellon and Abercorn family
migration stories is planned); and the relevance of historic migration to
current migration issues.

Please submit offer of paper (title plus abstract, not more than 250 words)
and brief cv (not more than 50 words) by email to:

brian.lambkin[at]nmni.com and
patrick.fitzgerald[at]nmni.com



Deadline: 1 November 2015



A response from the organising committee (Patrick Fitzgerald, Warren
Hofstra, Christine Kinealy, Brian Lambkin, Sam Thomas, Johanne Devlin Trew,
William Roulston) should be received by 5 December.

Accommodation: the main conference accommodation will be the Silver Birch
Hotel,

Omagh http://www.silverbirchhotel.com

The programme will consist of a welcome reception on the Wednesday evening,
two full days of papers (Thursday and Friday) at the Mellon Centre and the
Ulster- American Folk Park, and a half day on Saturday.

(We are exploring the possibility of holding the final session at a city
centre venue in Dublin, travelling there by bus from Omagh on Saturday
morning).





William H. Mulligan, Jr.

Professor of History

Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]

Murray State University

Murray KY 42071-3341 USA

office phone 1-270-809-6571

dept phone 1-270-809-2231

fax 1-270-809-6587

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: William Mulligan
Subject: Fwd: Irish Women's Emigration to America
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This just received from Cork University Press.

*Models for Movers: Irish Women=E2=80=99s Emigration to America* by =C3=8Dd=
e B.
O'Carroll is published today. The book will be launched in Trinity College
on July 15th by Professor Margaret Kelleher with opening remarks by
Minister for Diaspora Affairs, Jimmy Deenihan TD.

*Models for Movers: Irish Women's Emigration to America* is a unique
collection of Irish women's oral histories spanning three waves of
twentieth-century emigration to America in the 1920s, 1950s and 1980s. By
combining a critical analysis of conditions for women in Ireland with
women's own accounts of life at the time, the author =C3=8Dde B. O'Carroll
highlights the sheer necessity of emigration. If survival in Ireland was a
tough proposition, especially for women, a place where patriarchs in
families, church and state controlled women's lives, where education and
paid work was limited, then America provided a lifeline to a relative
freedom, and crucially, an opportunity to earn an independent income. After
reading Models for Movers, we begin to appreciate just how far Irish
society has come.

At the heart of this book are the women's oral histories, the descriptions
of ordinary/extraordinary women, an approach that brings to life the
reality of women's lives in both places, in their own words. The approach
was considered 'ground-breaking' at the time because of the absence of
women from the story of Irish emigration. In fact, the Models for Movers
tapes, photographs and papers formed the first holding on Irish women at
the Schlesinger Library, Harvard University, the premier repository on the
history of women in America.

The oral histories detail how each woman created an independent life for
herself in America, often in the face of multiple challenges there. As
active agents, often supporting one another to leave, these Irish women are
role models because they inspire us all to have the courage act. Whether
it's Nora Joyce talking about life on the Aran Islands in the 1920s, or
Terry Ryan describing inner-city Dublin in the 1950s and her battle with
TB, or Lena Deevy's tales about working in Ballymun in the 1980s, these
Irish women recount stories of scarcity and scant opportunities in Ireland
at the time.

In America, they carved out new lives and possibilities for themselves in a
place that enabled them to thrive and enriched the quality of their lives.
Nora Joyce (1920s) followed in the footsteps of countless other Irish women
in America by working in domestic service until she had managed to save
enough money to buy a house, marry and start her own family. Largely
self-educated during spells in TB hospitals, Terry Ryan (1950s) nonetheless
found work as a secretary in America. She graduated with a degree from
Northeastern University shortly before her husband and the father of her
two children became its president. On the pretext of 'taking a rest,'
Sister Lena Deevy (1980s) applied to and later graduated from Harvard
Graduate School of Education. She became one of Boston's most respected
Irish leaders.

This revised twenty-fifth anniversary edition comes at a time of renewed
global Irish migration. These oral histories provide a rich
multigenerational tapestry of experience into which women leaving Ireland
today, often for places other than America, can weave their stories.

=C3=8Dde B. O'Carroll is an Irish-born social researcher and writer who liv=
es in
Amherst, Massachusetts, and summers in Lismore, Waterford. Since 2013, she
has been a Visiting Scholar at Glucksman Ireland House, New York University=
.

http://www.corkuniversitypress.com/Models-for-Movers-p/9781782051565.htm

Bill Mulligan

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: Jensen, No Irish Need Apply: Revisited
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Several days ago Kerby Miller shared a forthcoming article that addresses
Richard Jensen's article from several years ago that argued there was
minimal discrimination against the Irish in the USA.



Long-time list members will recall a spirited (to put it mildly) discussion
on the list. That can be found in the list archives.



I have been trying to find a link that does not hit a paywall, but have not
been able to do so.



The article will appear in the Journal of Social History. The article is
available to those with or with access to an appropriate subscription. At:
http://jsh.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/07/03/jsh.shv066.full



No Irish Need Deny: Evidence for the Historicity of NINA Restrictions in
Advertisements and Signs


Rebecca A. Fried

Email: fried.rebecca.a[at]gmail.com.

The author would like to thank Michael Fried for discussing the manuscript
and offering extensive proposed revisions, and especially for his help in
researching and developing analyses of the legal issues discussed in the
manuscript. The author would also like to thank Kerby Miller for his
guidance, encouragement, and comments on a draft. Address correspondence to
Rebecca A. Fried, Sidwell Friends School, 3825 Wisconsin Ave., NW,
Washington, DC 20016.



Abstract

Richard Jensen has forcefully argued that the absence of evidence supporting
the Irish-American community's historical memory of "no Irish need apply"
restrictions in advertisements and signs suggests that these "NINA"
publications, and particularly those directed to men as opposed to female
domestics, did not occur to any appreciable extent in American history.
Jensen argues that the NINA memory requires explanation as a psychological
phenomenon rather than a historical one. This article surveys additional
evidence from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries documenting the
publication of NINA-restricted solicitations directed to men. It shows that
there were many such advertisements and signs, and argues that a variety of
lines of evidence support the conclusion that such publications were
sometimes common in some places during the nineteenth century. The article
also surveys evidence relevant to several of Jensen's subsidiary arguments,
including lawsuits involving NINA publications, NINA restrictions in housing
solicitations, Irish-American responses to NINA advertisements, and the use
of NINA advertisements in Confederate propaganda. The article concludes that
Jensen's thesis about the highly limited extent of NINA postings requires
revision, and that the earlier view of historians generally accepting the
widespread reality of the NINA phenomenon is better supported by the
currently available evidence.



There is a lengthy discussion of the article at:
http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/High-school-student-disproves-prof
essors-theory-that-No-Irish-Need-Apply-signs-never-existed.html?utm_source=S
ailthru

&utm_medium=email&utm_term=The%20Best%20of%20IrishCentral&utm_campaign=Best%
20of%20IC%20July%2011



William H. Mulligan, Jr.

Professor of History

Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]

Murray State University

Murray KY 42071-3341 USA

office phone 1-270-809-6571

dept phone 1-270-809-2231

fax 1-270-809-6587

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: Re: Jensen, No Irish Need Apply: Revisited
In-Reply-To:
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Try this:

http://www.irishcentral.com/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_term=The%20Best%20of%20IrishCentral&utm_campaign=Best%20of%20IC%20July%2011

Bill



Miller, Kerby A. wrote:
> Bill,
>
> I can't get the Irish Central links to work at all. I get "page not
> found."
>
> I'd never heard of Irish Central. What is it?
>
> Thanks,
>
> Kerby
>
> On 7/11/15 4:13 PM, "Bill Mulligan" wrote:
>
>>Several days ago Kerby Miller shared a forthcoming article that addresses
>>Richard Jensen's article from several years ago that argued there was
>>minimal discrimination against the Irish in the USA.
>>
>>
>>
>>Long-time list members will recall a spirited (to put it mildly)
>>discussion
>>on the list. That can be found in the list archives.
>>
>>
>>
>>I have been trying to find a link that does not hit a paywall, but have
>>not
>>been able to do so.
>>
>>
>>
>>The article will appear in the Journal of Social History. The article
>> is
>>available to those with or with access to an appropriate subscription.
>> At:
>>http://jsh.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/07/03/jsh.shv066.full
>>
>>
>>
>>No Irish Need Deny: Evidence for the Historicity of NINA Restrictions in
>>Advertisements and Signs
>>
>>
>>>te
>>&submit=Submit> Rebecca A. Fried
>>
>>Email: fried.rebecca.a[at]gmail.com.
>>
>>The author would like to thank Michael Fried for discussing the
>> manuscript
>>and offering extensive proposed revisions, and especially for his help in
>>researching and developing analyses of the legal issues discussed in the
>>manuscript. The author would also like to thank Kerby Miller for his
>>guidance, encouragement, and comments on a draft. Address correspondence
>>to
>>Rebecca A. Fried, Sidwell Friends School, 3825 Wisconsin Ave., NW,
>>Washington, DC 20016.
>>
>>
>>
>>Abstract
>>
>>Richard Jensen has forcefully argued that the absence of evidence
>>supporting
>>the Irish-American community's historical memory of "no Irish need apply"
>>restrictions in advertisements and signs suggests that these "NINA"
>>publications, and particularly those directed to men as opposed to female
>>domestics, did not occur to any appreciable extent in American history.
>>Jensen argues that the NINA memory requires explanation as a
>> psychological
>>phenomenon rather than a historical one. This article surveys additional
>>evidence from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries documenting
>> the
>>publication of NINA-restricted solicitations directed to men. It shows
>>that
>>there were many such advertisements and signs, and argues that a variety
>>of
>>lines of evidence support the conclusion that such publications were
>>sometimes common in some places during the nineteenth century. The
>> article
>>also surveys evidence relevant to several of Jensen's subsidiary
>>arguments,
>>including lawsuits involving NINA publications, NINA restrictions in
>>housing
>>solicitations, Irish-American responses to NINA advertisements, and the
>>use
>>of NINA advertisements in Confederate propaganda. The article concludes
>>that
>>Jensen's thesis about the highly limited extent of NINA postings requires
>>revision, and that the earlier view of historians generally accepting the
>>widespread reality of the NINA phenomenon is better supported by the
>>currently available evidence.
>>
>>
>>
>>There is a lengthy discussion of the article at:
>>http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/High-school-student-disproves-pr
>>of
>>essors-theory-that-No-Irish-Need-Apply-signs-never-existed.html?utm_source
>>=S
>>ailthru
>>>ro
>>fessors-theory-that-No-Irish-Need-Apply-signs-never-existed.html?utm_sourc
>>e=
>>Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_term=The%20Best%20of%20IrishCentral&utm_camp
>>ai
>>gn=Best%20of%20IC%20July%2011>
>>&utm_medium=email&utm_term=The%20Best%20of%20IrishCentral&utm_campaign=Bes
>>t%
>>20of%20IC%20July%2011
>>
>>
>>
>>William H. Mulligan, Jr.
>>
>>Professor of History
>>
>>Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]
>>
>>Murray State University
>>
>>Murray KY 42071-3341 USA
>>
>>office phone 1-270-809-6571
>>
>>dept phone 1-270-809-2231
>>
>>fax 1-270-809-6587
>>
>>
>


William H. Mulligan, Jr.
Professor of History
Murray State University
Murray KY 42071-3341 USA
1-270-809-6571 (phone)
1-270-809-6587 (fax)

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "Miller, Kerby A."
Subject: Re: Jensen, No Irish Need Apply: Revisited
In-Reply-To:
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
Message-ID:

Bill,=20

I can't get the Irish Central links to work at all. I get "page not
found."

I'd never heard of Irish Central. What is it?

Thanks,

Kerby

On 7/11/15 4:13 PM, "Bill Mulligan" wrote:

>Several days ago Kerby Miller shared a forthcoming article that addresses
>Richard Jensen's article from several years ago that argued there was
>minimal discrimination against the Irish in the USA.
>
>=20
>
>Long-time list members will recall a spirited (to put it mildly)
>discussion
>on the list. That can be found in the list archives.
>
>=20
>
>I have been trying to find a link that does not hit a paywall, but have
>not
>been able to do so.
>
>=20
>
>The article will appear in the Journal of Social History. The article is
>available to those with or with access to an appropriate subscription. At:
>http://jsh.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/07/03/jsh.shv066.full
>
>=20
>
>No Irish Need Deny: Evidence for the Historicity of NINA Restrictions in
>Advertisements and Signs
>
>=20
>te
>&submit=3DSubmit> Rebecca A. Fried
>
>Email: fried.rebecca.a[at]gmail.com.
>
>The author would like to thank Michael Fried for discussing the manuscript
>and offering extensive proposed revisions, and especially for his help in
>researching and developing analyses of the legal issues discussed in the
>manuscript. The author would also like to thank Kerby Miller for his
>guidance, encouragement, and comments on a draft. Address correspondence
>to
>Rebecca A. Fried, Sidwell Friends School, 3825 Wisconsin Ave., NW,
>Washington, DC 20016.
>
>=20
>
>Abstract
>
>Richard Jensen has forcefully argued that the absence of evidence
>supporting
>the Irish-American community's historical memory of "no Irish need apply"
>restrictions in advertisements and signs suggests that these "NINA"
>publications, and particularly those directed to men as opposed to female
>domestics, did not occur to any appreciable extent in American history.
>Jensen argues that the NINA memory requires explanation as a psychological
>phenomenon rather than a historical one. This article surveys additional
>evidence from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries documenting the
>publication of NINA-restricted solicitations directed to men. It shows
>that
>there were many such advertisements and signs, and argues that a variety
>of
>lines of evidence support the conclusion that such publications were
>sometimes common in some places during the nineteenth century. The article
>also surveys evidence relevant to several of Jensen's subsidiary
>arguments,
>including lawsuits involving NINA publications, NINA restrictions in
>housing
>solicitations, Irish-American responses to NINA advertisements, and the
>use
>of NINA advertisements in Confederate propaganda. The article concludes
>that
>Jensen's thesis about the highly limited extent of NINA postings requires
>revision, and that the earlier view of historians generally accepting the
>widespread reality of the NINA phenomenon is better supported by the
>currently available evidence.
>
>=20
>
>There is a lengthy discussion of the article at:
>http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/High-school-student-disproves-pr
>of
>essors-theory-that-No-Irish-Need-Apply-signs-never-existed.html?utm_source
>=3DS
>ailthru
>ro
>fessors-theory-that-No-Irish-Need-Apply-signs-never-existed.html?utm_sourc
>e=3D
>Sailthru&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_term=3DThe%20Best%20of%20IrishCentral&utm_=
camp
>ai
>gn=3DBest%20of%20IC%20July%2011>
>&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_term=3DThe%20Best%20of%20IrishCentral&utm_campaign=
=3DBes
>t%
>20of%20IC%20July%2011
>
>=20
>
>William H. Mulligan, Jr.
>
>Professor of History
>
>Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]
>
>Murray State University
>
>Murray KY 42071-3341 USA
>
>office phone 1-270-809-6571
>
>dept phone 1-270-809-2231
>
>fax 1-270-809-6587
>
>=20

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "MacEinri, Piaras"
Subject: Re: Jensen, No Irish Need Apply: Revisited
In-Reply-To:
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
Message-ID:

Hi Kerby (nice to see you name cropping up)

The address for the IrishCentral piece isn't properly configured. Try http:=
//www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/High-school-student-disproves-professo=
rs-theory-that-No-Irish-Need-Apply-signs-never-existed.html?

IrishCentral is a website run by Niall O'Dowd (who also publishes the Irish=
Voice) - it has about 3 million visitors a month and is influential in Iri=
sh-American political, social and cultural circles.=20

Best

Piaras

-----Original Message-----
From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [mailto:IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK] On Behal=
f Of Miller, Kerby A.
Sent: 12 July 2015 02:26
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: Re: [IR-D] Jensen, No Irish Need Apply: Revisited

Bill,=20

I can't get the Irish Central links to work at all. I get "page not found.=
"

I'd never heard of Irish Central. What is it?

Thanks,

Kerby

On 7/11/15 4:13 PM, "Bill Mulligan" wrote:

>Several days ago Kerby Miller shared a forthcoming article that=20
>addresses Richard Jensen's article from several years ago that argued=20
>there was minimal discrimination against the Irish in the USA.
>
>=20
>
>Long-time list members will recall a spirited (to put it mildly)=20
>discussion on the list. That can be found in the list archives.
>
>=20
>
>I have been trying to find a link that does not hit a paywall, but have=20
>not been able to do so.
>
>=20
>
>The article will appear in the Journal of Social History. The article=20
>is available to those with or with access to an appropriate subscription. =
At:
>http://jsh.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/07/03/jsh.shv066.full
>
>=20
>
>No Irish Need Deny: Evidence for the Historicity of NINA Restrictions=20
>in Advertisements and Signs
>
>=20
>=3Dda
>te
>&submit=3DSubmit> Rebecca A. Fried
>
>Email: fried.rebecca.a[at]gmail.com.
>
>The author would like to thank Michael Fried for discussing the=20
>manuscript and offering extensive proposed revisions, and especially=20
>for his help in researching and developing analyses of the legal issues=20
>discussed in the manuscript. The author would also like to thank Kerby=20
>Miller for his guidance, encouragement, and comments on a draft.=20
>Address correspondence to Rebecca A. Fried, Sidwell Friends School,=20
>3825 Wisconsin Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20016.
>
>=20
>
>Abstract
>
>Richard Jensen has forcefully argued that the absence of evidence=20
>supporting the Irish-American community's historical memory of "no=20
>Irish need apply"
>restrictions in advertisements and signs suggests that these "NINA"
>publications, and particularly those directed to men as opposed to=20
>female domestics, did not occur to any appreciable extent in American hist=
ory.
>Jensen argues that the NINA memory requires explanation as a=20
>psychological phenomenon rather than a historical one. This article=20
>surveys additional evidence from the nineteenth and early twentieth=20
>centuries documenting the publication of NINA-restricted solicitations=20
>directed to men. It shows that there were many such advertisements and=20
>signs, and argues that a variety of lines of evidence support the=20
>conclusion that such publications were sometimes common in some places=20
>during the nineteenth century. The article also surveys evidence=20
>relevant to several of Jensen's subsidiary arguments, including=20
>lawsuits involving NINA publications, NINA restrictions in housing=20
>solicitations, Irish-American responses to NINA advertisements, and the=20
>use of NINA advertisements in Confederate propaganda. The article=20
>concludes that Jensen's thesis about the highly limited extent of NINA=20
>postings requires revision, and that the earlier view of historians=20
>generally accepting the widespread reality of the NINA phenomenon is=20
>better supported by the currently available evidence.
>
>=20
>
>There is a lengthy discussion of the article at:
>http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/High-school-student-disproves
>-pr
>of
>essors-theory-that-No-Irish-Need-Apply-signs-never-existed.html?utm_sou
>rce
>=3DS
>ailthru
>s-p
>ro
>fessors-theory-that-No-Irish-Need-Apply-signs-never-existed.html?utm_so
>urc
>e=3D
>Sailthru&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_term=3DThe%20Best%20of%20IrishCentral&utm_=
c
>amp
>ai
>gn=3DBest%20of%20IC%20July%2011>
>&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_term=3DThe%20Best%20of%20IrishCentral&utm_campaign=
=3D
>Bes
>t%
>20of%20IC%20July%2011
>
>=20
>
>William H. Mulligan, Jr.
>
>Professor of History
>
>Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]
>
>Murray State University
>
>Murray KY 42071-3341 USA
>
>office phone 1-270-809-6571
>
>dept phone 1-270-809-2231
>
>fax 1-270-809-6587
>
>=20

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Tony Murray
Subject: Irish Writers in London
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-ID:

Dear friends and colleagues,

If you missed out on the 20th Anniversary Irish Writers in London Summer
School, there=E2=80=99s another chance to hear two of this year=E2=80=99s g=
uest
writers, *Martina
Evans and Maurice Leitch* reading at the launch of a special 'London Issue=
=E2=80=99
of the Irish literary magazine *The Stinging Fly*.

http://www.stingingfly.org/issue/summer-2015


The event takes place at *8pm on Thursday 30th July* at the London Irish
Centre in Camden Town.

It is *FREE* to attend by registering at the following link:

http://www.londonirishcentre.org/events/event/?event=3D224

Hope to see you there=E2=80=A6.

Tony




Dr. Tony Murray

Director, Irish Studies Centre

London Metropolitan University

Tower Building,

Holloway Rd

London N7 8DB

Tel: 020 7133 2593

*www.londonmet.ac.uk/irishstudiescentre
*

*www.londonmet.ac.uk/faculties/faculty-of-social-sciences-and-humanities/pe=
ople/surnames-k-to-m/tony-murray/
*



My book *London Irish Fictions: Narrative, Diaspora and Identity *is
available here:

http://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/index.php/?option=3Dcom_wrapper&v=
iew=3Dwrapper&Itemid=3D54&AS1=3D9781846318313

--=20
London Metropolitan University is a limited company registered in England=
=20
and Wales with registered number 974438 and VAT registered number GB 447=20
2190 51. Our registered office is at 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB.=
=20
London Metropolitan University is an exempt charity under the Charities Act=
=20
2011. Its registration number with HMRC is X6880.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: Slavery and American Catholicism
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID:

This may be of interest to the list.



Excerpt begins here "It was clearly wrong" is the message that is almost
always conveyed-implicitly for the most part, but sometimes even overtly.
The religious leaders and politicians who railed against the evils of popery
and warned of the dire consequences that would develop if immigrants who had
been "educated under the despotic governments of Catholic Europe" were
allowed to "settle down upon the unoccupied territory of the West" were
obviously religious bigots. In the case of ministers like Lyman Beecher and
Jedidiah Morse, we're looking at men whose status at the top of the
theological food chain was threatened by Unitarianism and disestablishment,
and so they lashed out at the Church of Rome because Catholics were the
clearest evidence of the Gomorrah they believed America was slouching
towards. In the case of mayors like Philadelphia's Robert Conrad and
Boston's Jerome V.C. Smith, we're looking at men whose status at the top of
the political food chain was threatened by an influx of immigrant Catholic
voters into the Democratic party's ranks, and so they leveraged the
anti-slavery sentiment in their cities and got their supporters to the polls
by emphasizing long-standing, Protestant associations between Catholicism
and slavery.

Rarely at these conferences does anyone give serious consideration to the
possibility that people like Morse, Beecher, Conrad, and Smith might
actually have been correct-not in the extremity of their paranoia, of
course, but in their basic insistence that there was something a little bit
incompatible between the mindset of pre-Vatican II Catholics and the
understanding that most Americans had in the nineteenth century of what
freedom was and how it ought to operate on the individual soul or voter.
Excerpt ends here.

Full essay is at:
http://www.common-place.org/vol-15/no-03/farrelly/#.VbVtF6TbKUk







William H. Mulligan, Jr.

Professor of History

Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]

Murray State University

Murray KY 42071-3341 USA

office phone 1-270-809-6571

dept phone 1-270-809-2231

fax 1-270-809-6587

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Ruth Barton
Subject: Newsreel footage on Youtube
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
Message-ID:

Subscribers to the wonderful blog, 'Come here to me!' will have already see=
n this, but others will be interested in the release on Youtube of one mill=
ion minutes of historical video dating back to 1895. Of course, most of it =
isn't Irish but you will find some links to Irish footage here:=20

http://comeheretome.com/2015/07/27/new-youtube-archives-dublin/

and more at your leisure!

Ruth Barton


Department of Film Studies
School of Drama, Film and Music
Samuel Beckett Centre
Trinity College Dublin
Dublin 2

Tel: 353-1-8962961
https://www.tcd.ie/film/

Rex Ingram project:
http://www.rexingram.ie

Shot at Trinity
https://www.tcd.ie/film/shotattrinity/=

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: PUB: Henry George and the Crisis of Inequality: Progress and
Poverty in the Gilded Age
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Message-ID:

Forwarded from H-Ethnic

PUB: Henry George and the Crisis of Inequality: Progress and Poverty in
the Gilded Age

by Edward T. O'Donnell

My book Henry George and the Crisis of Inequality: Progress and Poverty in
the Gilded Age (Columbia University Press) has just been released. It's
the first major biography of George in more than 60 years. It should be of
interest to many H-Ethnic subscribers as a significant portion of the book
discusses the role of Irish American nationalism (the Land League) in
George's rise to prominence as a critic of laissez-faire capitalism. In
addition, the timing seems fortuitous, given the increased use of the
phrase Second Gilded Age to describe early 21st century America.

More info on the book can be found here:
http://cup.columbia.edu/book/henry-george-and-the-crisis-of-inequality/9780231120005


Thanks,
Ed


Edward T. O'Donnell
Dept of History | Holy Cross College | Worcester, MA |


William H. Mulligan, Jr.
Professor of History
Murray State University
Murray KY 42071-3341 USA
1-270-809-6571 (phone)
1-270-809-6587 (fax)

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: FW: Irish Democrat 1939-2000
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID:

Courtesy of Paddy O'Sullivan





From: M. Carty [mailto:gensec[at]connollyassociation.org.uk]
Sent: 06 August 2015 17:30
To: M. Carty
Subject: Irish Democrat 1939-2000



Dear colleagues



62 years of past issues of the Irish Democrat (everything from 1939-2000)
are now freely available online. This may be of interest to you and/or your
students.



This archive will be of value to all those interested in:



. The post-war years; Exiles Advisory Bureau; Irish workers help
rebuild a shattered Britain; Fighting exploitation and exclusion.



. The Irish as part of the British labour movement. The Irish as
trade unionists and socialists in Britain.



. The campaigns of Irish and British people against the partition of
Ireland, for Irish unity and independence.



. The campaigns of the Irish and British for civil rights in
Northern Ireland; The first civil rights march from Liverpool to London.



. A social history of the Irish community in Britain; censorship,
exclusion,the media, campaigns, support etc



. Attitudes of the Irish in British to EEC/EU integration/expansion.



The Connolly Association is committed to making this archive as widely
accessible as possible and so the Executive Committee decided not to charge
for access. If you find the content useful please consider making a donation
via the website.



Furthermore, it would be greatly appreciated if you could circulate, tweet
and share the archive to let people know it is available. Our twitter is
[at]ConnollyAssoc



The archive can be found at www.connollyassociation.org.uk/irishdemocrat



I hope you enjoy this valuable resource. If you have any questions please
feel free to get in touch.

Michael Carty

General Secretary

Connolly Association



_____

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: Jensen Revisited
Comments: cc: Don MacRaild
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID:

HNN (History News Network) has picked up on the recent Journal of Social
History article rebutting Richard Jensen's article on discrimination against
the Irish.



http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/160147



Professor Jensen has replied to the young author on HNN - she is, according
to most accounts, a high school student. Members can judge the
appropriateness of Prof. Jensen tone in his response.



In his reply Jensen claims his view is a "consensus" among scholars and
cites "Adult historians" like Don MacRaild who agree with him. This does
not match up well with my recollections of the discussion here some time ago
or my own work.



What think you all?



Bill





William H. Mulligan, Jr.

Professor of History

MSU Alumni Association Distinguished Researcher 2012

Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]

Murray State University

Murray KY 42071-3341 USA

office phone 1-270-809-6571

dept phone 1-270-809-2231

fax 1-270-809-6587

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Matthew Barlow
Subject: Re: Jensen Revisited
In-Reply-To:
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Mime-Version: 1.0 (1.0)
Message-ID:

Jensen has always defended his thesis like a pit bull. I made the mistake of=
challenging him on the H-Ethnic listserv once. He just devolved into person=
al insults. =20

He is wrong about the NINA signs. But I'm not sure he's wrong about the Iris=
h American myth of oppression. I get students in my class who talk about the=
stories their families tell of being oppressed up to today, despite being c=
omfortably middle class and all the Irish American successes. We, as in the I=
rish of the diaspora, like these stories. I think Jensen's value lies in the=
cautioning against this mythology.=20

Matthew Barlow=20
University of North Alabama.=20

Sent from my iPhone

> On Aug 6, 2015, at 7:03 PM, Margaret Lynch-Brennan wrote:
>=20
> If there was any consensus, it was that Jensen was and is wrong. I critici=
zed his thesis in a footnote in my book, "The Irish Bridget." I found NINA a=
ds in my research and many other scholars found them in their researchas wel=
l. Kerby Miller was always correct.
> Best,
> Peggy
> ____________________________________
> Margaret Lynch-Brennan, Ph.D.
> NYS Education Dept., Retired, and=20
> Independent Scholar
>=20
> ---- Bill Mulligan wrote:=20
>> HNN (History News Network) has picked up on the recent Journal of Social
>> History article rebutting Richard Jensen's article on discrimination agai=
nst
>> the Irish.=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/160147
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> Professor Jensen has replied to the young author on HNN - she is, accordi=
ng
>> to most accounts, a high school student. Members can judge the
>> appropriateness of Prof. Jensen tone in his response.=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> In his reply Jensen claims his view is a "consensus" among scholars and
>> cites "Adult historians" like Don MacRaild who agree with him. This does=

>> not match up well with my recollections of the discussion here some time a=
go
>> or my own work.=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> What think you all?
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> Bill
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> William H. Mulligan, Jr.=20
>>=20
>> Professor of History
>>=20
>> MSU Alumni Association Distinguished Researcher 2012
>>=20
>> Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]=20
>>=20
>> Murray State University=20
>>=20
>> Murray KY 42071-3341 USA
>>=20
>> office phone 1-270-809-6571
>>=20
>> dept phone 1-270-809-2231
>>=20
>> fax 1-270-809-6587
>>=20
>>=20

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: Jensen Revisited
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Message-ID:

On HNN I responded to Professor jensen and pointed out his view is not a
consensus among scholars aNd cited the discussion here. His response is
below -- essentially stating that those of us on this list are
non-academics.


Richard Jensen wrote, in response to Bill Mulligan:

Miss Fried reviewed published scholarly studies and concludes: "In short, the
factual claims underlying Jensen’s
arguments about NINA-restricted advertising, if not the conclusions that
Jensen
draws from those claims, are typically accepted as true. Jensen’s
conclusions about
these facts have
coalesced into something like a “consensus” view." So Mulligan is now
saying she is
all wrong. He is referring to an old discussion by non-academics who
indeed still
largely cling to the myth.
Richard Jensen

William H. Mulligan, Jr.
Professor of History
Murray State University
Murray KY 42071-3341 USA
1-270-809-6571 (phone)
1-270-809-6587 (fax)

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "Emmons, David M."
Subject: Re: Jensen Revisited
In-Reply-To:
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
Message-ID:

Bill is right--and Kerby heroically right. Jensen's is not a "consensus vi=
ew" or even close. =20

Dave Emmons

________________________________________
From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK] on behalf of Bi=
ll Mulligan [billmulligan[at]MURRAY-KY.NET]
Sent: Thursday, August 06, 2015 2:14 PM
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: [IR-D] Jensen Revisited

HNN (History News Network) has picked up on the recent Journal of Social
History article rebutting Richard Jensen's article on discrimination agains=
t
the Irish.



http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/160147



Professor Jensen has replied to the young author on HNN - she is, according
to most accounts, a high school student. Members can judge the
appropriateness of Prof. Jensen tone in his response.



In his reply Jensen claims his view is a "consensus" among scholars and
cites "Adult historians" like Don MacRaild who agree with him. This does
not match up well with my recollections of the discussion here some time ag=
o
or my own work.



What think you all?



Bill





William H. Mulligan, Jr.

Professor of History

MSU Alumni Association Distinguished Researcher 2012

Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]

Murray State University

Murray KY 42071-3341 USA

office phone 1-270-809-6571

dept phone 1-270-809-2231

fax 1-270-809-6587=