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12821  
16 May 2013 19:46  
  
Date: Thu, 16 May 2013 18:46:45 -0500 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1305.txt]
  
CFP: Irish Migration Studies in Latin America
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: CFP: Irish Migration Studies in Latin America
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Call for Contributions

Volume 8, Number 3

=20

Troubles and Riches in the Archives: Writing the histories and stories =
of

the Irish in, and connected to, Latin-America, Spanish-speaking North

America, the Caribbean and Iberian Peninsula.

=20

The editors of Irish Migration Studies in Latin America invite =
submissions

for a special issue which may include articles discussing the =
difficulties

encountered in writing in this field, the available sources and the =
problems

accessing them, the political, scholarly, and geographic complications =
in

constructing narratives and analyses as well as other related themes. =
The

issue will focus on the challenges of, and sources for, the growth of =
the
field

of Irish Latin American Studies (including Spanish speaking North =
America,

the Iberian peninsula and the Caribbean). It is hoped articles will =
discuss

available archival, literary and other sources, which aid scholars in
diverse

geographical and historical categories of the discipline. The term =
archive
is

defined broadly and includes a variety of sources in general (actual
archives,

newspapers, literature, private collections, online sources, national

collections, government collections, provincial collections, oral =
histories,
the

SILAS online archive...). The editor Cl=EDona Murphy, and guest editor,

Margaret Brehony, are particularly interested in hearing from authors =
who

have already worked extensively in traditional archives that have Irish
Latin-

American content. We are also interested in submissions which draw on

literature and other non-archival sources, and which enhance our

understanding of this field. As well as having articles on archives and

sources, it is hoped the issue will have articles that discuss the
parameters,

theories, and scope of this field (including gender), as well as lists =
of,
and

links to, collections in a number of different locations. There may also =
be
an

analysis and catalogue of what is available in the SILAS archives, =
depending

upon availability of person with the expertise to do put it together. =
All

articles will be subject to peer review. All articles must adhere to the
style of

the journal.

=20

Details are here http://www.irlandeses.org/wpcontent/

uploads/2012/05/Contributors-Guidelines-1_21_13.pdf

=20

Deadline: July 31, 2013. Send manuscripts to cmurphy[at]csub.edu and

margaret.brehony[at]gmail.com

=20

William H. Mulligan, Jr.=20

Professor of History

MSU Alumni Association Distinguished Researcher 2012

Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]=20

Murray State University=20

Murray KY 42071-3341 USA

office phone 1-270-809-6571

dept phone 1-270-809-2231

fax 1-270-809-6587

=20
 TOP
12822  
24 May 2013 09:23  
  
Date: Fri, 24 May 2013 08:23:25 -0500 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1305.txt]
  
Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: William Mulligan
Subject: Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
In-Reply-To:
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Forwarded from H-Ethnic

Many list members will recall the discussion of this issue some years ago.
The full discussion is in the list archives for those interested.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Richard Jensen
Date: Fri, May 24, 2013 at 1:22 AM
Subject: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
To: H-ETHNIC[at]h-net.msu.edu


From: RON LOPEZ

In the not too distant past a discussion on this list focused on
discrimination practices aimed at Irish immigrants. Today a friend referred
to a "No Irish Need Apply" incident in his family lore. I mentioned having
seen claims that no evidence of such a statement on signs in public places
has been produced. Did my mind/memory recall correctly? How was the
discussion resolved?
Thanks in advance for any response.
Ron Lopez
Retired, LACCD
--
your editor wrote it -- Richard Jensen, "'No Irish Need Apply': A Myth of
Victimization," Journal of Social History 36.2 (2002) 405-429

The NINA slogan was common in Britain and a song written in London in 1862
was carried to the US, and became wildly popular among Irish Americans.
They all "remembered" the signs but never actually saw one because no
signs existed in the US (they did exist in England, where they originally
meant no Irish Protestants need apply). No archivist, museum or collector
ever found such a sign, nor a photograph. However, you can buy fakes on
ebay (the fakes are dated Boston Sept. 11, 1915).

My search of over a million want ads turned up two NINA want ads per ten
years of newspaper files. Turns out that employment statistics show there
is no actual evidence of anti-Irish discrimination in employment. However
the myth was central to the Irish identity as victims of Protestant elites,
with the moral that we Irish must always stick together (in work gangs,
politics, unions, Catholic Church).

the article is online at

>http://**tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/no-**irish.htm

RJ

--
 TOP
12823  
24 May 2013 16:06  
  
Date: Fri, 24 May 2013 15:06:37 +0000 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1305.txt]
  
Re: Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "Miller, Kerby A."
Subject: Re: Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
In-Reply-To:
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Several decades ago, I did extensive but sporadic research in New York
City newspapers in the 1850s and 1860s, e.g., in the TRIBUNE, the HERALD,
and, after its inception, the TIMES. I wasn't looking for them, but I saw
many "No Irish Need Apply" notices (and several variations thereof, such
as "Any creed or color except Irish," "No Catholics Need Apply," etc.).

I'm not Irish or Catholic; I have no dog in this fight. But the argument
that anti-Irish discriminatory job notices did not appear in
mid-19th-century US mainstream newspapers, or were as extremely rare as
claimed below, is simply not true.

I participated in this absurd argument back in 2002. I don't want to
re-engage in what is, I believe, a politically- and ideologically-driven
debate--a US reflection of the extreme "revisionism" that dominates Irish
historical studies on the other side of the Atlantic.

Someone who informed me, back ca. 2002, that she also found numerous such
newspaper notices is Dr. Marian Casey at NYU. She's actually has studied
the matter, and fairly recently, whereas my exposure to the ads was long
ago and merely coincidental to other research I was doing at the time.
However, I did take verbatim notes on the ads I saw, so my research wasn't
casual or impressionistic.

Kerby Miller
Curators' Professor of History
University of Missouri

On 5/24/13 8:23 AM, "William Mulligan" wrote:

>Forwarded from H-Ethnic
>
>Many list members will recall the discussion of this issue some years ago.
> The full discussion is in the list archives for those interested.
>
>---------- Forwarded message ----------
>From: Richard Jensen
>Date: Fri, May 24, 2013 at 1:22 AM
>Subject: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
>To: H-ETHNIC[at]h-net.msu.edu
>
>
>From: RON LOPEZ
>
>In the not too distant past a discussion on this list focused on
>discrimination practices aimed at Irish immigrants. Today a friend
>referred
>to a "No Irish Need Apply" incident in his family lore. I mentioned
>having
>seen claims that no evidence of such a statement on signs in public places
>has been produced. Did my mind/memory recall correctly? How was the
>discussion resolved?
>Thanks in advance for any response.
>Ron Lopez
>Retired, LACCD
> --
>your editor wrote it -- Richard Jensen, "'No Irish Need Apply': A Myth of
>Victimization," Journal of Social History 36.2 (2002) 405-429
>
>The NINA slogan was common in Britain and a song written in London in 1862
>was carried to the US, and became wildly popular among Irish Americans.
> They all "remembered" the signs but never actually saw one because no
>signs existed in the US (they did exist in England, where they originally
>meant no Irish Protestants need apply). No archivist, museum or collector
>ever found such a sign, nor a photograph. However, you can buy fakes on
>ebay (the fakes are dated Boston Sept. 11, 1915).
>
>My search of over a million want ads turned up two NINA want ads per ten
>years of newspaper files. Turns out that employment statistics show there
>is no actual evidence of anti-Irish discrimination in employment. However
>the myth was central to the Irish identity as victims of Protestant
>elites,
>with the moral that we Irish must always stick together (in work gangs,
>politics, unions, Catholic Church).
>
>the article is online at
>rjensen/no-irish.htm>
>>http://**tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/no-**irish.htm>ensen/no-irish.htm>
>
>RJ
>
>--
 TOP
12824  
25 May 2013 03:26  
  
Date: Sat, 25 May 2013 02:26:10 +0000 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1305.txt]
  
Re: Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Dymphna Lonergan
Subject: Re: Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
In-Reply-To:
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
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Let's hope Dr Marion Casey can provide references we can all follow up. I'd=
be happy with even one. The only one I've ever come across is a newspaper =
report of such a sign in an English lodging house window, and the report (o=
r it may have been a letter) was condemnatory. I believe the prejudice exis=
ted and was applied, but our argument is about such prejudice being officia=
lly endorsed by the appearance of a paid advertisement in a newspaper. At l=
east I believe that is the thesis we have been trying to prove unsuccessful=
ly to date.

le gach dea ghu=ED
Dymphna



Dr Dymphna Lonergan
Department of English, Creative Writing, and Australian Studies
Room 282 Humanities
http://theirishinaustralia.com

Phone 8201 2079

________________________________________
From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK] on behalf of Mi=
ller, Kerby A. [MillerK[at]MISSOURI.EDU]
Sent: 24 May 2013 15:06
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: Re: [IR-D] Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply

Several decades ago, I did extensive but sporadic research in New York
City newspapers in the 1850s and 1860s, e.g., in the TRIBUNE, the HERALD,
and, after its inception, the TIMES. I wasn't looking for them, but I saw
many "No Irish Need Apply" notices (and several variations thereof, such
as "Any creed or color except Irish," "No Catholics Need Apply," etc.).

I'm not Irish or Catholic; I have no dog in this fight. But the argument
that anti-Irish discriminatory job notices did not appear in
mid-19th-century US mainstream newspapers, or were as extremely rare as
claimed below, is simply not true.

I participated in this absurd argument back in 2002. I don't want to
re-engage in what is, I believe, a politically- and ideologically-driven
debate--a US reflection of the extreme "revisionism" that dominates Irish
historical studies on the other side of the Atlantic.

Someone who informed me, back ca. 2002, that she also found numerous such
newspaper notices is Dr. Marian Casey at NYU. She's actually has studied
the matter, and fairly recently, whereas my exposure to the ads was long
ago and merely coincidental to other research I was doing at the time.
However, I did take verbatim notes on the ads I saw, so my research wasn't
casual or impressionistic.

Kerby Miller
Curators' Professor of History
University of Missouri

On 5/24/13 8:23 AM, "William Mulligan" wrote:

>Forwarded from H-Ethnic
>
>Many list members will recall the discussion of this issue some years ago.
> The full discussion is in the list archives for those interested.
>
>---------- Forwarded message ----------
>From: Richard Jensen
>Date: Fri, May 24, 2013 at 1:22 AM
>Subject: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
>To: H-ETHNIC[at]h-net.msu.edu
>
>
>From: RON LOPEZ
>
>In the not too distant past a discussion on this list focused on
>discrimination practices aimed at Irish immigrants. Today a friend
>referred
>to a "No Irish Need Apply" incident in his family lore. I mentioned
>having
>seen claims that no evidence of such a statement on signs in public places
>has been produced. Did my mind/memory recall correctly? How was the
>discussion resolved?
>Thanks in advance for any response.
>Ron Lopez
>Retired, LACCD
> --
>your editor wrote it -- Richard Jensen, "'No Irish Need Apply': A Myth of
>Victimization," Journal of Social History 36.2 (2002) 405-429
>
>The NINA slogan was common in Britain and a song written in London in 1862
>was carried to the US, and became wildly popular among Irish Americans.
> They all "remembered" the signs but never actually saw one because no
>signs existed in the US (they did exist in England, where they originally
>meant no Irish Protestants need apply). No archivist, museum or collector
>ever found such a sign, nor a photograph. However, you can buy fakes on
>ebay (the fakes are dated Boston Sept. 11, 1915).
>
>My search of over a million want ads turned up two NINA want ads per ten
>years of newspaper files. Turns out that employment statistics show there
>is no actual evidence of anti-Irish discrimination in employment. However
>the myth was central to the Irish identity as victims of Protestant
>elites,
>with the moral that we Irish must always stick together (in work gangs,
>politics, unions, Catholic Church).
>
>the article is online at
>rjensen/no-irish.htm>
>>http://**tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/no-**irish.htm>ensen/no-irish.htm>
>
>RJ
>
>--=
 TOP
12825  
25 May 2013 12:14  
  
Date: Sat, 25 May 2013 11:14:06 -0500 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1305.txt]
  
Re: Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "Thomas J. Archdeacon"
Organization: D/History, U. Wisconsin -- Madison
Subject: Re: Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
In-Reply-To:
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In the mid-1960s, when I was doing research for my MA, I had to do read
articles in the New York Times and in the New York Tribune. The exciting
subject of my work was Governor Samuel Tilden (who would become the
Democratic presidential nominee in 1876) and his war against corruption in
the operation and repair of the Erie Canal and its offshoots. The
chronological focus would have been 1873-1876. Incidental to that research,
I occasionally came across want-ads seeking domestic help. I don't recall
seeing the acronym NINA or the exact phrase "No Irish Need Apply." I,
however, do recall words indicating either that Irish - or Catholic
applicants more generally - were not desired or that Protestants were
preferred. The existence of such prejudices was not a surprise to me, and I
did not take notes about the ads because they had no relevance to my actual
work. Nevertheless, they stuck in my mind, along with a "human interest"
story that some journalist at time found amusing and that caught my eye. It
involved a little girl who had developed a fascination with, and a talent
for, catching and killing with her bare hands rats and mice in her parents'
apartment or house. The newsman deemed her skill to be most commendable
but, even that long ago, I thought that modern psychologists would have
another impression of the child. I wonder what became of her.



Tom
 TOP
12826  
25 May 2013 20:28  
  
Date: Sat, 25 May 2013 19:28:18 +0100 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1305.txt]
  
Re: Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick Maume
Subject: Re: Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
In-Reply-To:
MIME-Version: 1.0
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I circulated a TABLET editorial from 1845 defending its publication of such
ads - the interesting point is that the TABLET at that stage was pro-Irish
nationalist. I can post the text to this list again if anyone wants it.
Best wishes,
Patrick


On Sat, May 25, 2013 at 3:26 AM, Dymphna Lonergan wrote:

> Let's hope Dr Marion Casey can provide references we can all follow up.
> I'd be happy with even one. The only one I've ever come across is a
> newspaper report of such a sign in an English lodging house window, and t=
he
> report (or it may have been a letter) was condemnatory. I believe the
> prejudice existed and was applied, but our argument is about such prejudi=
ce
> being officially endorsed by the appearance of a paid advertisement in a
> newspaper. At least I believe that is the thesis we have been trying to
> prove unsuccessfully to date.
>
> le gach dea ghu=ED
> Dymphna
>
>
>
> Dr Dymphna Lonergan
> Department of English, Creative Writing, and Australian Studies
> Room 282 Humanities
> http://theirishinaustralia.com
>
> Phone 8201 2079
>
> ________________________________________
> From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK] on behalf of
> Miller, Kerby A. [MillerK[at]MISSOURI.EDU]
> Sent: 24 May 2013 15:06
> To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
> Subject: Re: [IR-D] Fwd: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
>
> Several decades ago, I did extensive but sporadic research in New York
> City newspapers in the 1850s and 1860s, e.g., in the TRIBUNE, the HERALD,
> and, after its inception, the TIMES. I wasn't looking for them, but I sa=
w
> many "No Irish Need Apply" notices (and several variations thereof, such
> as "Any creed or color except Irish," "No Catholics Need Apply," etc.).
>
> I'm not Irish or Catholic; I have no dog in this fight. But the argument
> that anti-Irish discriminatory job notices did not appear in
> mid-19th-century US mainstream newspapers, or were as extremely rare as
> claimed below, is simply not true.
>
> I participated in this absurd argument back in 2002. I don't want to
> re-engage in what is, I believe, a politically- and ideologically-driven
> debate--a US reflection of the extreme "revisionism" that dominates Irish
> historical studies on the other side of the Atlantic.
>
> Someone who informed me, back ca. 2002, that she also found numerous such
> newspaper notices is Dr. Marian Casey at NYU. She's actually has studied
> the matter, and fairly recently, whereas my exposure to the ads was long
> ago and merely coincidental to other research I was doing at the time.
> However, I did take verbatim notes on the ads I saw, so my research wasn'=
t
> casual or impressionistic.
>
> Kerby Miller
> Curators' Professor of History
> University of Missouri
>
> On 5/24/13 8:23 AM, "William Mulligan" wrote:
>
> >Forwarded from H-Ethnic
> >
> >Many list members will recall the discussion of this issue some years ag=
o.
> > The full discussion is in the list archives for those interested.
> >
> >---------- Forwarded message ----------
> >From: Richard Jensen
> >Date: Fri, May 24, 2013 at 1:22 AM
> >Subject: H-Ethnic: No Irish need apply
> >To: H-ETHNIC[at]h-net.msu.edu
> >
> >
> >From: RON LOPEZ
> >
> >In the not too distant past a discussion on this list focused on
> >discrimination practices aimed at Irish immigrants. Today a friend
> >referred
> >to a "No Irish Need Apply" incident in his family lore. I mentioned
> >having
> >seen claims that no evidence of such a statement on signs in public plac=
es
> >has been produced. Did my mind/memory recall correctly? How was the
> >discussion resolved?
> >Thanks in advance for any response.
> >Ron Lopez
> >Retired, LACCD
> > --
> >your editor wrote it -- Richard Jensen, "'No Irish Need Apply': A Myth o=
f
> >Victimization," Journal of Social History 36.2 (2002) 405-429
> >
> >The NINA slogan was common in Britain and a song written in London in 18=
62
> >was carried to the US, and became wildly popular among Irish Americans.
> > They all "remembered" the signs but never actually saw one because no
> >signs existed in the US (they did exist in England, where they originall=
y
> >meant no Irish Protestants need apply). No archivist, museum or collect=
or
> >ever found such a sign, nor a photograph. However, you can buy fakes on
> >ebay (the fakes are dated Boston Sept. 11, 1915).
> >
> >My search of over a million want ads turned up two NINA want ads per ten
> >years of newspaper files. Turns out that employment statistics show ther=
e
> >is no actual evidence of anti-Irish discrimination in employment. Howeve=
r
> >the myth was central to the Irish identity as victims of Protestant
> >elites,
> >with the moral that we Irish must always stick together (in work gangs,
> >politics, unions, Catholic Church).
> >
> >the article is online at
> > http://tigger.uic.edu/%7E
> >rjensen/no-irish.htm>
> >>http://**tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/no-**irish.htm http://tigger.uic.edu/~rj
> >>ensen/no-irish.htm>
> >
> >RJ
> >
> >--
>
 TOP
12827  
28 May 2013 12:01  
  
Date: Tue, 28 May 2013 11:01:55 +0100 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1305.txt]
  
Cambridge Irish History Seminar
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Sean Campbell
Subject: Cambridge Irish History Seminar
In-Reply-To:
Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1085)
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
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Message-ID:

Seminar in Modern Irish History
Easter Term 2013
=20
On Wednesday 29 May at 5 pm

John Morrill (Selwyn College Cambridge): =91Researching and Writing =
Seventeenth-century Irish history in the age of Mary Robinson and Mary =
McAleese.=92

Respondents: William O'Reilly (Trinity Hall Cambridge) and Niamh =
Gallagher (St Catharine's College Cambridge)

Sidney Sussex College, Chapel Court (on the right from the Porters' =
Lodge), Seminar Room 2=20
All welcome
 TOP
12828  
29 May 2013 15:48  
  
Date: Wed, 29 May 2013 14:48:30 -0500 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1305.txt]
  
Fwd: OUTLINE: No Irish Need Apply. Amen.
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: William Mulligan
Subject: Fwd: OUTLINE: No Irish Need Apply. Amen.
In-Reply-To:
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Date: Tue, May 28, 2013 at 2:14 AM
Subject: OUTLINE: No Irish Need Apply. Amen.
To: wmulligan[at]murraystate.edu


Bill,

I have been told that you might like to see this...

And share it with the Irish Diaspora list.

Paddy

Subject: OUTLINE: No Irish Need Apply. Amen.

No Irish Need Apply. Amen
Patrick O=92Sullivan

1.
I have a long term interest in the ways in which the new digital,
computerised technologies have changed and will change scholarship,
especially the ways in which we work in the study of the arts and the
humanities. I have advised on a number of digital humanities projects, and
have myself created online resources.

We have now reached a stage where anyone in the world with a reasonable
computer and web access can explore a theme within the humanities using
free online resources, like Google Books, Google Scholar, Google Ngram, the
Library of Congress Historic American Newspapers =96 and the on/off again
Google Historic Newspapers project. (There is already a visible problem
here, in that so many of these resources were created by a commercial
company, whose intentions might well be benign but whose long term plans
are never really clear.)

Furthermore, certain privileged individuals can access extraordinary
digital resources, especially newspaper archives, that are hidden behind
paywalls and passwords,.

It follows then that =96 for the first time in the history of the humanitie=
s
=96 a scholar can map out a research pathway across many different digital
text resources and ANOTHER scholar can EXACTLY follow that research
pathway, checking quotations and interpretations, quibbling or agreeing.
In the old days a scholar might disappear into a research library or
archive, and emerge many years later with transcriptions and a thesis =96
and, as he writes up that thesis, he will (as one historian put it)
occasionally =91need to remind us that he has read everything while we have
not=92. Maybe an odd obsessive might have had the time or the resources to
investigate these sources and these outcomes.

Now, in our new world, anyone can be obsessive=85

In fact, in many instances these investigations are now so easy that we can
find ourselves with an obscure feeling that this is, somehow, cheating=85

2.
Looking for a case study=85 In Irish Diaspora Studies we have a strange
little crux around the issue of newspaper and other advertisements for jobs
which suggest, in one way or another =96 and sometimes in so many words =96
that =91No Irish Need Apply=92. A little trick now available is to find a =
key
article, search for it within Google Scholar, and see how its arguments are
cited and developed. We have a key article=85

Jensen, R. J.
'No Irish Need Apply': A Myth of Victimization Journal of Social History,
2002, 36, Winter 2002

Richard Jensen=92s title more than hints at his conclusions.

Be that as it may, going into the resources outlined above, it is quite
easy to find job advertisements saying =91No Irish Need Apply=92 in newspap=
ers
from the 1830s onwards. I already have one hundred examples and I would
anticipate, eventually, having a collection that reaches some hundreds.
This is not hard.

And of course we have the full newspaper page on which the advertisement
appears. We can therefore put these advertisements in a context =96 I thin=
k
that this is the first time this has been done. We can put the No Irish
advertisements alongside other advertisements. We can analyse format and
language. We can see what groups were encouraged or not encouraged to
Apply, and to Apply for what.

Newspapers, of course, always give a date and place of publication, and it
should be possible to map and chart advertisements of interest =96 and
language forms of interest.

3.
Further, these advertisements attracted comment and discussion in their own
time. Some will use the advertisements as straightforward evidence that
the Irish are, literally, undesirables. But, also, from the very
beginning, there is a trope in place: the Irish are rejected here and now
(at whatever date now is) but in time of war they are expected to enlist,
and do voluntarily enlist, and do serve bravely. (This trope thus links
with, later in the nineteenth century, the American Civil War, and what I
have elsewhere called =91the argument from Fredericksburg=92.)

Part of Jensen=92s argument is that the complaints about the advertisements
continue after the advertisements themselves have long disappeared =96 so
that the complaint and the trope are useful to an Irish sense of grievance
and victimisation. He also questions the existence of signs, saying No
Irish, at places of work or in lodging houses. This issue too can be
further explored.

4.
However, the research record is somewhat complicated =96 by a song. Or
songs. A number of songs with the title =91No Irish Need Apply=92 can be
located =96 they act out the basic trope in jolly rhymes =96 and performanc=
es
in Britain, the USA, Australia, and so on, can be found in the research
record. Performances of these songs required the performer to come on to
the stage, with copy of a local newspaper =96 the performer finds therein t=
he
offending advertisement and proceeds to sing the song. It needs to be
pedantically added that an account of such a performance, on such a day, in
such a city, the opening of such a newspaper, is NOT in itself evidence
that there was a No Irish Need Apply advertisement in that newspaper, in
that city, on that day. These performances, and the performance of many
similar songs are =96 like performances of Boucicault=92s =91Irish=92 plays=
=96
sacramental, diasporic celebrations of Irishness.

5.
The material that I have collected so far I have saved in my computer as
pdf files. This might not be the best option =96 and I should seek advice.
But I speak here as someone who has used computers in work for decades,
and who has seen favourite operating systems, word processor packages,
bibliography systems and databases, all cease to be supported and cease
being useful. The only computer storage system that has remained stable
over that time has been pdf files.

How would I present this material, in some sort of =91publication=92? One
obvious answer might be a web site. There is also a way forward that would
involve my writing a traditional academic article, and using only a small
sample of the material I have outlined here. But this is to go back to my
occasionally needing to remind you that I have read everything and you have
not.

Patrick O=92Sullivan

=A9 Patrick O'Sullivan 2013

Patrick O'Sullivan
Visiting Scholar, Glucksman Ireland House, New York University
http://irelandhouse.fas.nyu.edu/page/home
Patrick O'Sullivan's Whole Life Blog http://www.fiddlersdog.com/ Email
Patrick O'Sullivan
Personal Fax 0044 (0) 709 236 9050 Irish Diaspora Studies
http://www.irishdiaspora.net Song http://www.songlyric.co.uk
 TOP
12829  
5 June 2013 10:58  
  
Date: Wed, 5 Jun 2013 09:58:34 -0500 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1306.txt]
  
Housekeeping
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: Housekeeping
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID:

The list has been slow for some time so now seems a god time to remind
members to share news of publications -- both when they appear and when they
are accepted. Those members who are editors are asked to consider sending
TOC or abstracts of articles if it is convenient. It is our list and it
will be what we make of it.



I was planning a sabbatical for fall 2013, but instead will be teaching in
an MSU program in Regensburg, Germany that is affiliated with the university
there. Settlement at Regensburg goes back to the Romans and earlier and
includes the foundation of a monastery by Irish monks. I'm not sure my
Latin is up to research on that, but we'll see. I do hope to be able to
attend some conferences in Ireland, the UK, and on the continent that time
and distance would normally rule out. I will be closer and air fares lower.
This will be my second time in Regensburg and I am looking forward to it.
Your moderators will ensure the list functions well.



Bill



William H. Mulligan, Jr.

Professor of History

Moderator, Irish Diaspora Discussion List [IR-D[at]jiscmail.ac.uk]

Murray State University

Murray KY 42071-3341 USA

office phone 1-270-809-6571

dept phone 1-270-809-2231

fax 1-270-809-6587
 TOP
12830  
6 June 2013 15:29  
  
Date: Thu, 6 Jun 2013 14:29:36 -0400 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1306.txt]
  
Looking for info on Mrs. Frances Wrenne
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Jennifer May Redmond
Subject: Looking for info on Mrs. Frances Wrenne
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Message-ID:

(Apologies if you are getting this twice, I also posted to the WOIRN list)

Hello All,

Hoping someone can help me with this query. I am trying to trace any
information on Mrs. Frances Wrenne. She was a member of the Commission on
Emigration and Other Population Problems and is simply noted as being from
Cork - not very helpful!

I think she may, however, be the person referred to in this book
Our daily bread / by Joseph Reilly ; foreword by Prof. J. C. Saunders,
afterword by Alfred O'Rahilly, recipes by Mrs Frances Wrenne, Cork, Forum
Press, 1941which is held at the National Library of Australia (
http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1778226/Details?) so I can't go and look
at it myself!

Does anyone have any other details on her? Her name sounds familiar to me
but I just can't place her and I am hoping someone can help

Thanks and best wishes

Jennifer
-
--
Dr. Jennifer Redmond
CLIR Postdoctoral Fellow and Director, The Albert M. Greenfield Digital
Center for the History of Women's Education
Special Collections and Department of History
Bryn Mawr College
101 N. Merion Avenue
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
USA
Tel: +610-526-7515
Email: jredmond[at]brynmawr.edu
Twitter: [at]RedmondJennifer
Website: http://greenfield.brynmawr.edu/
 TOP
12831  
7 June 2013 19:27  
  
Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2013 18:27:10 -0500 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1306.txt]
  
FW: XX Ulster-American Heritage Symposium Call for Papers
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: FW: XX Ulster-American Heritage Symposium Call for Papers
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID:

Dear Colleague

Please see the following link for information on the XX Ulster-American
Heritage Symposium, including Call for Papers:


http://www.qub.ac.uk/cms/XXUlsterAmericanHeritageSymposium2014.pdf



Best wishes,

Christine



Christine Johnston
Senior Library Assistant
Libraries NI
Mellon Centre for Migration Studies
Ulster American Folk Park
Mellon Road
Castletown, Omagh, Co Tyrone, Northern Ireland, BT78 5QY



_____




This email and any files transmitted with it are confidential and intended
solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed.
Its unauthorised use, disclosure, storage or copying is not permitted. If
you are not the intended recipient, please destroy all copies and inform
sender of this e-mail which originated at librariesni.org.uk
 TOP
12832  
7 June 2013 21:20  
  
Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2013 20:20:42 +0100 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1306.txt]
  
Re: Looking for info on Mrs. Frances Wrenne
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick Maume
Subject: Re: Looking for info on Mrs. Frances Wrenne
In-Reply-To:
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Message-ID:

From: Patrick Maume
A Google search turns up the death in Mallow in 2006 of Fr Francis Xavier
Wrenne "only son of the late Joe and Frances Wrenne" and a 1948 COMPLETE
BOOK OF VEGETABLES AND FRUIT coauthored by Frances Wrenne with Joseph
Reilly and Gerard O Sherrard - possibly the Reilly of OUR DAILY BREAD.
Fr JA Gaughan's four-volume life of Alfred O'Rahilly might have something.
From 1953 she contributed a women's column to the FOLD, the Cork diocesan
magazine
http://fold.ie/TheFold.htm
Best wishes,
Patrick


On Thu, Jun 6, 2013 at 7:29 PM, Jennifer May Redmond wrote:

> (Apologies if you are getting this twice, I also posted to the WOIRN list)
>
> Hello All,
>
> Hoping someone can help me with this query. I am trying to trace any
> information on Mrs. Frances Wrenne. She was a member of the Commission on
> Emigration and Other Population Problems and is simply noted as being from
> Cork - not very helpful!
>
> I think she may, however, be the person referred to in this book
> Our daily bread / by Joseph Reilly ; foreword by Prof. J. C. Saunders,
> afterword by Alfred O'Rahilly, recipes by Mrs Frances Wrenne, Cork, Forum
> Press, 1941which is held at the National Library of Australia (
> http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1778226/Details?) so I can't go and
> look
> at it myself!
>
> Does anyone have any other details on her? Her name sounds familiar to me
> but I just can't place her and I am hoping someone can help
>
> Thanks and best wishes
>
> Jennifer
> -
> --
> Dr. Jennifer Redmond
> CLIR Postdoctoral Fellow and Director, The Albert M. Greenfield Digital
> Center for the History of Women's Education
> Special Collections and Department of History
> Bryn Mawr College
> 101 N. Merion Avenue
> Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
> USA
> Tel: +610-526-7515
> Email: jredmond[at]brynmawr.edu
> Twitter: [at]RedmondJennifer
> Website: http://greenfield.brynmawr.edu/
>
 TOP
12833  
9 June 2013 21:46  
  
Date: Sun, 9 Jun 2013 20:46:55 -0400 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1306.txt]
  
Re: Looking for info on Mrs. Frances Wrenne
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Jennifer May Redmond
Subject: Re: Looking for info on Mrs. Frances Wrenne
In-Reply-To:
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Message-ID:

Thank you for the lead, it confirms that The Fold is the thing to follow up
as I have found out from the WOIRN list

Best wishes

Jennifer
On Jun 7, 2013 6:05 PM, "Patrick Maume" wrote:

> From: Patrick Maume
> A Google search turns up the death in Mallow in 2006 of Fr Francis Xavier
> Wrenne "only son of the late Joe and Frances Wrenne" and a 1948 COMPLETE
> BOOK OF VEGETABLES AND FRUIT coauthored by Frances Wrenne with Joseph
> Reilly and Gerard O Sherrard - possibly the Reilly of OUR DAILY BREAD.
> Fr JA Gaughan's four-volume life of Alfred O'Rahilly might have
> something.
> From 1953 she contributed a women's column to the FOLD, the Cork diocesan
> magazine
> http://fold.ie/TheFold.htm
> Best wishes,
> Patrick
>
>
> On Thu, Jun 6, 2013 at 7:29 PM, Jennifer May Redmond >wrote:
>
> > (Apologies if you are getting this twice, I also posted to the WOIRN
> list)
> >
> > Hello All,
> >
> > Hoping someone can help me with this query. I am trying to trace any
> > information on Mrs. Frances Wrenne. She was a member of the Commission on
> > Emigration and Other Population Problems and is simply noted as being
> from
> > Cork - not very helpful!
> >
> > I think she may, however, be the person referred to in this book
> > Our daily bread / by Joseph Reilly ; foreword by Prof. J. C. Saunders,
> > afterword by Alfred O'Rahilly, recipes by Mrs Frances Wrenne, Cork, Forum
> > Press, 1941which is held at the National Library of Australia (
> > http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1778226/Details?) so I can't go and
> > look
> > at it myself!
> >
> > Does anyone have any other details on her? Her name sounds familiar to me
> > but I just can't place her and I am hoping someone can help
> >
> > Thanks and best wishes
> >
> > Jennifer
> > -
> > --
> > Dr. Jennifer Redmond
> > CLIR Postdoctoral Fellow and Director, The Albert M. Greenfield Digital
> > Center for the History of Women's Education
> > Special Collections and Department of History
> > Bryn Mawr College
> > 101 N. Merion Avenue
> > Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
> > USA
> > Tel: +610-526-7515
> > Email: jredmond[at]brynmawr.edu
> > Twitter: [at]RedmondJennifer
> > Website: http://greenfield.brynmawr.edu/
> >
>
>
 TOP
12834  
10 June 2013 21:37  
  
Date: Mon, 10 Jun 2013 20:37:09 +0100 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1306.txt]
  
Cambridge Irish History Seminar
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Sean Campbell
Subject: Cambridge Irish History Seminar
Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1085)
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252
Message-ID:

>> Seminar in Modern Irish History
>> Easter Term 2013

>> On Wednesday 12 June at 5pm
>>=20
>> Prof Mary Hickman (St. Mary's University College) =91The Northern =
Ireland Troubles in Britain: Impacts, Engagements, Legacies and =
Memories=92
>>=20
>> Respondent: Dr. Sean Campbell (Anglia Ruskin, Cambridge)
>>=20
>>=20
>> Sidney Sussex College, Seminar Room 2, Chapel Court (on the right =
from the Porters' Lodge)

>> All welcome
 TOP
12835  
11 June 2013 18:03  
  
Date: Tue, 11 Jun 2013 17:03:47 -0500 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1306.txt]
  
FW: 'The Ends of Ireland': ISAANZ Conference 2013 - FINAL CALL
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: FW: 'The Ends of Ireland': ISAANZ Conference 2013 - FINAL CALL
FOR PAPERS
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID:

From: Gemma Clark [mailto:gemma.clark[at]unsw.edu.au]
Sent: Monday, June 10, 2013 7:19 AM
Subject: 'The Ends of Ireland': ISAANZ Conference 2013 - FINAL CALL FOR
PAPERS



Dear all,



Apologies for cross posting. Thank you also to those who have already sent
in abstracts for 'The Ends of Ireland' Conference (acceptance letters to
follow soon).



We are now issuing a second (and FINAL) Call for Papers for this major
international conference in Irish Studies, to be hosted by the Global Irish
Studies Centre, in conjunction with the Irish Studies Association of
Australia and New Zealand, at UNSW Sydney, 4 - 7 December 2013.



The closing date, for this second and final Call for Papers, is 30 August.
Please see flyer attached. Please also pass on this information to any
friends, colleagues and students who may be interested in attending the
biggest event in Irish Studies in the southern hemisphere this year, which
will include keynote addresses from four internationally renowned scholars,
Joanna Bourke, Tom Inglis, Mark Finnane and Elizabeth Malcolm.



Many of you may also be interested in the attached Call for Papers for a
conference on Irish folklore, at Queen's University Belfast, 5 - 7
September.



Best wishes,



Gemma.



Dr Gemma Clark | Sarah Sharkey Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Global Irish Studies Centre
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
Room 227 Morven Brown Building
University of New South Wales
Kensington Campus
UNSW Sydney NSW 2052
Australia
Tel: +61 2 9385 7399 | Email: gemma.clark[at]unsw.edu.au
UNSW CRICOS Provider Code: 00098G

'The Ends of Ireland': Twentieth Australasian Conference for Irish Studies,
4 - 7 December 2013: http://isaanzconf2013.arts.unsw.edu.au/
 TOP
12836  
14 June 2013 17:53  
  
Date: Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:53:47 -0500 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1306.txt]
  
FW: Bloomsday 2013.
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: FW: Bloomsday 2013.
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID:

Bloomsday is upon us.



Bill Mulligan



Perhaps of interest to our colleagues in Joyce Studies ~



http://www.floridabibliophilesociety.org/id22.html



In the spirit,





MEM

Sarasota, FL / Brooklyn, NY.

_______________________
 TOP
12837  
14 June 2013 18:03  
  
Date: Fri, 14 Jun 2013 17:03:40 -0500 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1306.txt]
  
Fwd: Bloomsday on Broadway this Sunday
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: William Mulligan
Subject: Fwd: Bloomsday on Broadway this Sunday
In-Reply-To:
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Message-ID:

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: William Mulligan
Date: Fri, Jun 14, 2013 at 4:57 PM
Subject: Fwd: Bloomsday on Broadway this Sunday
To: ir-d[at]jiscmail.ac.uk


Another Bloomsday notice.



*Join Glucksman Ireland House NYU at*

*32nd Annual Bloomsday on Broadway*

*
Sunday, June 16th at 7 pm*

*at Peter Jay Sharp Theatre at Symphony Space
2537 Broadway at 95th Street, NYC*



On Sunday, June 16th, we celebrate the 32nd annual *BLOOMSDAY ON
BROADWAY*James Joyce
*ULYSSES* marathon. Leading stars of stage and screen, noted writers and
avid Joyceans will perform selections from Joyce's masterpiece. Featuring
the incomparable *Fionnula Flanagan *performing the entire Molly Bloom
soliloquy.



Starts at 7pm and goes until after midnight.



Performers include:

Malachy McCourt, Campbell Scott, Robert MacNeil, Keir Dullea, Lois Smith,
Mia Dillon, Kathleen Chalfant, Kaneza Schaal, Tony Roberts, Barbara Feldon,
Bernadette Quigley, Terry Donnelly, KT Sullivan, Peter Francis James, Fritz
Weaver, Scott Shepherd, David Margulies, Paul Hecht, Kathleen McElfresh,
Richard Easton, Rochelle Oliver, Adam Harvey, Dawn Akemi Saito, Dan Butler,
Roberta Maxwell, Russell Horton, Dee Nelson, Amanda Leigh Cobb, Carol
Monda, Andrew Seear, Sarah Montague, Lisa Flanagan, Neil Hickey, Terry
Moran, Christine Larusso, Rebecca Donner, George Stack, Tom McCormack and
Nick Wyman

Plus: Irish Rep actors Sean Gormley, Geraldine Hughes, Mickey Kelly; IAC
director Aidan Connolly; *TimeOutNY* Books and Comedy editor Matthew Love

Straight From Ireland: Eilin O'Dea



The evening's readings will be interspersed with traditional Irish music
performed by Lisa Flanagan, Adam Harvey, Kevin Rockower and the Rogue
Diplomats.



*Tickets*

Full price: $25

*Glucksman Ireland House Members*: $20 - email GIH at
ireland.house[at]nyu.eduto get your discount code

30 & Under: $15

Groups: $15



Visit http://www.symphonyspace.org/event/7833-32nd-bloomsday-on-broadway to
buy tickets or get more info.



Bloomsday on Broadway is presented by Peter Norton Symphony Space and Irish
Arts Center

with the support of Glucksman Ireland House NYU





*Visit Glucksman Ireland House NYU on the web at
www.irelandhouse.fas.nyu.edu. *
 TOP
12838  
2 July 2013 15:24  
  
Date: Tue, 2 Jul 2013 14:24:53 +0200 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1307.txt]
  
An Irishman in Paris
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: D C Rose
Subject: An Irishman in Paris
Comments: cc: pascal.aquien[at]orange.fr
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-ID:

List members may like to know of the lecture by Professor Pascal Aquien at
the Sorbonne Tuesday 9th July, amphith=E9=E2tre Richelieu, 17h30 - 18h30 on
"Oscar Wilde et la France : un Irlandais =E0 Paris".


D.C. Rose
1 rue Gutenberg
75015 Paris
http://oscholars-oscholars.com
 TOP
12839  
4 July 2013 02:08  
  
Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2013 01:08:53 +0000 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1307.txt]
  
A reminder ISAANZ/AJIS Postgraduate essay
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Dianne Hall
Subject: A reminder ISAANZ/AJIS Postgraduate essay
prize=?Windows-1252?Q?=8A.closing_?=August 23rd!
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-ID:

Hello

A reminder about the ISAANZ/AJIS Postgraduate essay prize=85.closing August=
23rd!
The editors of the Australasian Journal of Irish Studies and the Irish Stud=
ies Association of Australia and New Zealand are delighted to announce the =
2013 ISAANZ Irish Studies Postgraduate Essay prize.
The Prize:

1. Publication of the winning essay in Australasian Journal of Irish St=
udies

2. A cash prize of AUD$300

3. A year=92s membership of Irish Studies Association of Australia and =
New Zealand.

Rules:

1. Entry is open to anyone studying for a higher degree or who has comp=
leted a higher degree in 2013 at any tertiary institution.
2. Essays on any aspect of Irish Studies will be considered.
3. To be considered, essays must comply with the Australian Journal of =
Irish Studies style guide: http://isaanz.org/ajis/contributors-guidelines.
4. Essays must be 6000-8000 words in length (including endnotes).

Due Date: 23 August 2013
For details, including application form and information on Australasian Jou=
rnal of Irish Studies, see http://isaanz.org/events/event/closing-date-2013=
-isaanz-postgraduate-essay-prize/


This email, including any attachment, is intended solely for the use of the=
intended recipient. It is confidential and may contain personal informatio=
n or be subject to legal professional privilege. If you are not the intende=
d recipient any use, disclosure, reproduction or storage of it is unauthori=
sed. If you have received this email in error, please advise the sender via=
return email and delete it from your system immediately. Victoria Universi=
ty does not warrant that this email is free from viruses or defects and acc=
epts no liability for any damage caused by such viruses or defects.
 TOP
12840  
4 July 2013 11:50  
  
Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2013 10:50:21 +0100 Reply-To: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [IR-DLOG1307.txt]
  
County identity & the Irish diaspora.
  
Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "Scully, Marc (Dr.)"
Subject: County identity & the Irish diaspora.
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
MIME-Version: 1.0
Message-ID:

Dear all,

This is just to alert list members that I have a new article out in Irish S=
tudies Review on county identity in the Irish diaspora. It's called "BIFFOs=
, jackeens and Dagenham Yanks: county identity, =93authenticity=94 and the =
Irish diaspora" and it's available online here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0=
9670882.2013.808874=20

Abstract:

Despite being an everyday point of reference in Irish discourse, the extent=
to which the county serves as a locus of identification has been oddly ove=
rlooked in the Irish studies literature. In particular, the persistence of =
identification with the county of origin post-migration offers new insights=
on the construction and maintenance of identity within the Irish diaspora.=
Drawing on my PhD research on discourses of authenticity and identity amon=
g the Irish in England, this article investigates the ways in which county =
identity is invoked both by Irish migrants and those of Irish descent. It i=
llustrates how the county is used as a rhetorical tool to situate the speak=
er within discourses of belonging and authenticity, but how this may also a=
ct as a constraint on the articulation of a collective, diasporic identity.=
It argues for a greater research focus on translocalism within the context=
of changing Ireland=96diaspora relations.



Any questions, comments or feedback welcome.

Regards,

Marc Scully.


Dr Marc Scully
Research Associate and Interim Project Manager
The Impact of Diasporas on the Making of Britain
University of Leicester
University Road
Leicester
LE1 7RH=
 TOP

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