Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article, SONIC GEOGRAPHY,
PLACE AND RACE IN THE FORMATION OF LOCAL IDENTITY: LIVERPOOL AND
SCOUSERS
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A young friend recently introduced me to her new boyfriend, describing him
as a 'plastic Scouser' - because he came from the Wirral, I think...

'The thrust of this article is that an effective
understanding of a Scouser is not only spatial
- someone born in Liverpool - because the sonoric
landscape of spoken Scouse, and thereby
Scouse identity, extends beyond the contemporary
political-administrative-geographic boundary of
the City of Liverpool. The other important contribution
is a detailed analysis of racial and ethnic factors
and the influence of local and non-local forces
in shaping local people's identities. Primarily this
involves a discussion of the Black population of Liverpool,
accompanied by nods to those of Irish,
Malay and Chinese descent. It reveals there are different
identities at work in Liverpool and that individuals
will often look outwardly to their parents'
country of birth and inwardly to the city in which
they grew up for important aspects of their local
identity. Other points of discussion include the different
ways that place structures identity, for example
territoriality, layers of identity, length of residence,
performativity of identity and the legitimacy
of being a "true Scouser".' P2.

Note that this issue of
Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography
Current Issue
Volume 92 Issue 1 (March 2010)

Is currently flagged on the Wiley Interscience web site as the FREE SAMPLE.
So you should be able to grab this article.

P.O'S.

Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography
Volume 92 Issue 1, Pages 1 - 22
Published Online: 1 Mar 2010
C 2010 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography

SONIC GEOGRAPHY, PLACE AND RACE IN THE FORMATION OF LOCAL IDENTITY:
LIVERPOOL AND SCOUSERS
by Philip Boland 1

1 School of Planning, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Queen's University
Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United
Kingdom. E-mail: p.boland[at]qub.ac.uk

KEYWORDS
identity . place . phonology . race . territory . Scousers

ABSTRACT
The concept of identity has attracted significant academic attention. This
article unpacks what constitutes the Scouse identity, how it is constructed
and its different dimensions, with particular reference to place, phonology
and race. Its novelty lies in developing the underused concept of "sonic
geography" to examine the extent to which sound, for example a distinctive
accent and/or dialect, affects the construction of local identity.
Empirically this is conducted through a detailed analysis of the Scouse, or
Liverpudlian, identity. The article also deploys the concept of "sonic
exclusion" to examine the role a distinguishing vernacular plays in shaping
local identity and the extent to which it determines "who is in" and "who is
out" as a Scouser. The conclusion is that an effective understanding of a
Scouser is not only spatial - someone born in Liverpool - because the
sonoric landscape of spoken Scouse, and thereby Scouse identity, extends
beyond the contemporary political and geographic boundaries of the City of
Liverpool.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: Re: Certificate of Irishness
In-Reply-To:
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I had to read this proposal several times to grasp its absurdity fully. I
hope this is not an elaborate joke that I have been drawn into by
responding. It is very hard to see it as much more than a cynical cash
grab--interesting that it is proposed to be outsourced by the government. I
guess that adds another level at which profit can be made and friends
provided for. The idea that a legitimate government would certify people as
being of a certain "ancestry" in search of outside investment in its economy
is quite bizarre at first look. I know US Indian tribes have rules about
qualifying for membership based on descent that are driven by profits from
the casinos many tribes operate. This seems to be a reverse on that--those
applying will create the revenue stream rather than benefit from it.

Will those of us who do not become "certified" as Irish have to adopt a new
identity? With apologies to my seven Irish-born great grandparents, I guess
I will become a person "formerly considered Irish American" if this goes
forward. To the extent that investment in Ireland or a desire to visit and
spend money as a tourist is determined by a sense of Irishness, and the
latter from the US certainly is, I don't see a certificate making much
difference.

Bill


William H. Mulligan, Jr.
Professor of History
Graduate Program Coordinator
Murray State University
Murray KY 42071-3341 USA
office phone 1-270-809-6571
dept phone 1-270-809-2231
fax 1-270-809-6587

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "MacEinri, Piaras"
Subject: Re: Certificate of Irishness
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Dear Bill

Bravo. I could not agree with you more. I hate the entire concept of a =
certificate of Irishness =96 an essentialist and ultimately (let's be =
honest) racist concept of identity. It's all a lot more complex than =
that, from whatever viewpont you look at it

best

Piaras


-----Original Message-----
From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List on behalf of Bill Mulligan
Sent: Tue 6/22/2010 8:28 PM
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: Re: [IR-D] Certificate of Irishness
=20
I had to read this proposal several times to grasp its absurdity fully. =
I
hope this is not an elaborate joke that I have been drawn into by
responding. It is very hard to see it as much more than a cynical cash
grab--interesting that it is proposed to be outsourced by the =
government. I
guess that adds another level at which profit can be made and friends
provided for. The idea that a legitimate government would certify people =
as
being of a certain "ancestry" in search of outside investment in its =
economy
is quite bizarre at first look. I know US Indian tribes have rules about
qualifying for membership based on descent that are driven by profits =
from
the casinos many tribes operate. This seems to be a reverse on =
that--those
applying will create the revenue stream rather than benefit from it.=20

Will those of us who do not become "certified" as Irish have to adopt a =
new
identity? With apologies to my seven Irish-born great grandparents, I =
guess
I will become a person "formerly considered Irish American" if this goes
forward. To the extent that investment in Ireland or a desire to visit =
and
spend money as a tourist is determined by a sense of Irishness, and the
latter from the US certainly is, I don't see a certificate making much
difference.

Bill =20


William H. Mulligan, Jr.=20
Professor of History
Graduate Program Coordinator
Murray State University=20
Murray KY 42071-3341 USA
office phone 1-270-809-6571
dept phone 1-270-809-2231
fax 1-270-809-6587

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Muiris Mag Ualghairg
Subject: Re: Certificate of Irishness
In-Reply-To:
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I'm in two minds about all of this. I agree that such a certificate
sounds absurd, what benefits in any practical sense can it bring, but
having said that the Irish nation recognises its constitutional
obligations:

"Furthermore, the Irish nation cherishes its special affinity with
people of Irish ancestry living abroad who share its cultural identity
and heritage."

If these certificates could actually grant some kind of practical help
or assistance, even to the degree of conferring a kind of 'overseas
citizenship' without the right of abode. As it presently stands, from
this discussion, the certificates are more or less meaningless and
offer no kind of recognition of the special affinity with Ireland
other than a bit of paper given for the exchange of more paper. If
they allow, for example, some one with Irish ancestry to obtain a
higher (but not automatic) right to stay in the country then, yes, I
could understand their purpose but as they presently stand, no, they
serve no purpose.

On 22 June 2010 20:28, Bill Mulligan wrote:
> I had to read this proposal several times to grasp its absurdity fully. I
> hope this is not an elaborate joke that I have been drawn into by
> responding. It is very hard to see it as much more than a cynical cash
> grab--interesting that it is proposed to be outsourced by the government.=
=A0I
> guess that adds another level at which profit can be made and friends
> provided for. The idea that a legitimate government would certify people =
as
> being of a certain "ancestry" in search of outside investment in its econ=
omy
> is quite bizarre at first look. I know US Indian tribes have rules about
> qualifying for membership based on descent that are driven by profits fro=
m
> the casinos many tribes operate. This seems to be a reverse on that--thos=
e
> applying will create the revenue stream rather than benefit from it.
>
> Will those of us who do not become "certified" as Irish have to adopt a n=
ew
> identity? =A0With apologies to my seven Irish-born great grandparents, I =
guess
> I will become a person "formerly considered Irish American" if this goes
> forward. To the extent that investment in Ireland or a desire to visit an=
d
> spend money as a tourist is determined by a sense of Irishness, and the
> latter from the US certainly is, I don't see a certificate making much
> difference.
>
> Bill
>
>
> William H. Mulligan, Jr.
> Professor of History
> Graduate Program Coordinator
> Murray State University
> Murray KY 42071-3341 USA
> office phone 1-270-809-6571
> dept phone 1-270-809-2231
> fax 1-270-809-6587
>

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "Williams, Sean"
Subject: Re: Certificate of Irishness
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Certainly I agree with what has been said so far. However (sorry!), I do =
think it's worth recognizing the power of a symbol to a group of people =
who have historically been disenfranchised. Teaching Irish Studies at a =
small college in the Pacific Northwest brings me into contact with =
hundreds of people (including, but not always, my own students) who long =
for a connection to a place. For so many people, Ireland functions as a =
kind of "homeland of the imagination," whose existence responds to a =
deep need in the diaspora. If some (pardon me) lame-ass certificate =
gives these thousands -- perhaps millions! -- of people a paper symbol =
of that connection, and if the monetary proceeds from it go toward =
yanking (hah!) Ireland out of its financial doldrums, then so be it. =
Charge a thousand dollars a pop.

Does the idea bother me? Of course. But it also bothers me that 90% of =
my students have already recorded CDs and I -- with a Ph.D. in =
ethnomusicology and functioning as a pretty decent musician myself -- =
haven't got one. How big of a deal is that? Not that big of a deal.
Cheers, Sean Williams




-----Original Message-----
From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List on behalf of MacEinri, Piaras
Sent: Tue 6/22/2010 2:38 PM
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: Re: [IR-D] Certificate of Irishness
=20
Dear Bill

Bravo. I could not agree with you more. I hate the entire concept of a =
certificate of Irishness - an essentialist and ultimately (let's be =
honest) racist concept of identity. It's all a lot more complex than =
that, from whatever viewpont you look at it

best

Piaras


-----Original Message-----
From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List on behalf of Bill Mulligan
Sent: Tue 6/22/2010 8:28 PM
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: Re: [IR-D] Certificate of Irishness
=20
I had to read this proposal several times to grasp its absurdity fully. =
I
hope this is not an elaborate joke that I have been drawn into by
responding. It is very hard to see it as much more than a cynical cash
grab--interesting that it is proposed to be outsourced by the =
government. I
guess that adds another level at which profit can be made and friends
provided for. The idea that a legitimate government would certify people =
as
being of a certain "ancestry" in search of outside investment in its =
economy
is quite bizarre at first look. I know US Indian tribes have rules about
qualifying for membership based on descent that are driven by profits =
from
the casinos many tribes operate. This seems to be a reverse on =
that--those
applying will create the revenue stream rather than benefit from it.=20

Will those of us who do not become "certified" as Irish have to adopt a =
new
identity? With apologies to my seven Irish-born great grandparents, I =
guess
I will become a person "formerly considered Irish American" if this goes
forward. To the extent that investment in Ireland or a desire to visit =
and
spend money as a tourist is determined by a sense of Irishness, and the
latter from the US certainly is, I don't see a certificate making much
difference.

Bill =20


William H. Mulligan, Jr.=20
Professor of History
Graduate Program Coordinator
Murray State University=20
Murray KY 42071-3341 USA
office phone 1-270-809-6571
dept phone 1-270-809-2231
fax 1-270-809-6587

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "Thomas J. Archdeacon"
Subject: Re: Certificate of Irishness
In-Reply-To:
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Academics in the British Isles seem to have their knickers in knots over
this silly idea, but that is probably all it is -- silly. Seeing the
promotion as an indication of racism seems a bit over the top. Indeed, it
might even have an anti-essentialist impact. How will people be
disqualified from getting such a certificate? Will the state or any
entrepreneurs to whom it entrusts the business seek to verify an applicant's
family lore that great-great-granddad came from Cork during the Famine? The
test will probably be a severe as that imposed by sporting goods stores on
customers who want to buy items with team logos (Are you really a Toronto
Blue Jays fan? How do we know you follow Pompey?). God knows what could
happen. Perhaps an American from Appalachia with roots in the Presbyterian
North might be certified. Maybe even Barack Obama! The whole system of
purity on which Ireland rests could collapse.

The certificate is silly, but it has much more in common with green beer and
with wearing "Kiss me, I'm Irish buttons" on St. Patrick's Day than with
Nazi genetics.

Tom

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "Murray, Edmundo"
Subject: Certificate of Irishness
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My initial reaction was to counterattack with a Certificate of Impurity gra=
nted by some reputed institution... But instead I have emailed a number of =
Irish-Argentines as an improvised sample and almost all of them told me tha=
t they would go for it (if it isn't too expensive). And a couple of friends=
in the Irish genealogy scene, who are soooo happy with the idea. It looks =
like Irish racism is still in its 1920s. I wonder what kind of language the=
y will use to warn that the certificate does not grant any citizenship or r=
esidency rights.

Edmundo Murray

________________________________
Please consider the environment before printing this email or its attachmen=
t(s). Please note that this message may contain confidential information. I=
f you have received this message in error, please notify me and then delete=
it from your system.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: D C Rose
Subject: Re: Certificate of Irishness
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I look forward to seeing Cert.Irishness after people's names after M.D., D
Litt., B.A., or whatever.

And I look forward even more to seeing Cert.Irishness (failed).

David

P.S. As for les Bleus, Ireland is well avenged !

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "Thomas J. Archdeacon"
Subject: Re: Certificate of Irishness
In-Reply-To:
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A friend kindly and privately pointed out my faux pas in referring to the
pair of predominantly English-speaking large islands off the European
mainland as the B* I.* For me, that is a geographic expression rather than
a recognition of any kind of narrow ethnic dominance. I was also
recognizing that those expressing dismay have not been solely residents of
Ireland. I can see, however, why people can be offended. In a kind of
reverse situation, many in the Western Hemisphere find the appropriation by
the U.S. of the use by the word "American" to be off-putting. More offense
may be taken than is meant to be given by such slips, but I nonetheless
should have been more careful.

Apologies,

Tom

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Philip Donnellan Archive Event
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Forwarded on behalf of
Dr Paul Long


Philip Donnellan Archive Event

Those who will be in the vicinity of Birmingham on 30th June may be
interested in the event outlined below.

We'll be organising a more substantial event later in the year so do get =
in
touch or subscribe to the Posterous link for further information.

_________________________________________________________________________=
__
* *

*Event: Home, Identity and Citizenship - The Films of Philip Donnellan.*

* *

*What?* A screening of 'Philip Donnellan's The Colony' (1964), and a
discussion of an ongoing project to explore and promote the resources of =
the
Philip Donnellan Archive.


*The Colony: *This innovative TV documentary explores the experience of
members of the Caribbean migrant community in Birmingham and the =
Midlands.
The film allows its subjects space to candidly evaluate their reception =
in
the UK and their relationships with home and other migrant workers.
Controversial at the time of its original broadcast the film is an =
enduring
and powerful document of a key moment in post-war British history.

*When?* 6-8pm 30th June 2010

*Where?* Birmingham Library Theatre (
http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/librarytheatre).

*Who is this event for?* Everyone is welcome but the event is =
particularly
aimed at those with an interest in the social history of the region,
post-war migration and community, documentary film and the BBC. We want =
to
contact educators, heritage and community groups and researchers who =
will
find Donnellan's archive useful and who might aid in finding ways of
preserving it and promoting its use as a resource for the social and
cultural history of the region.

*Biography*: Philip Donnellan (1924-99) worked for the BBC from 1948-84.
Much of his professional life was spent in the Midlands where he worked
first in radio and then in television. His work expressed his belief in =
the
value of ordinary life and culture and the need to give working people =
and
underrepresented social minorities a space in which to articulate their
concerns in their own voices.

* *

*The project: *Philip Donnellan's un-catalogued archive is held in the
Birmingham Archives and contains an extensive range of film, audio and =
print
material pertaining to his career with the BBC and the works he made in =
and
about the region. An award from Screen West Midlands has allowed the
employment of an archive worker to assess these deposits. As a result, =
we
are already finding rich materials such as unbroadcast films, oral =
histories
and programme research materials.

*More information:* Details of Donnellan's life and work can be found at =
the

'Friends of Philip Donnellan' website:=A0 =
http://www.philipdonnellan.co.uk

Subscribe to the posterous site: http://philipdonnellan.posterous.com/

Join the Facebook group:
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=3D394637709622&ref=3Dts

*Help? *Please pass this invitation on to your networks and to those who =
may
find the project to be of interest. If you are interested but cannot =
make
the event, let us know and we'll keep you informed of developments and
available resources. If you can get an audience together and find a =
venue,
we'll be glad to come and show some of the films to you and talk about =
the
project.

* *

*RSVP*: If you wish to attend, please forward your details to:

donnellanphilip[at]googlemail.com

Postal address:

Dr Paul Long
Reader in Media and Cultural History
Birmingham School of Media
BCU
B42 2SU


*Who is involved? *The project is funded by Screen West Midlands and =
managed
by a partnership of Birmingham Archives and Heritage, Media Archive =
Central
England (MACE) and Birmingham Centre for Media and Cultural Research,
Birmingham City University.
________________________________________
Through our significant contribution to the creative industries and the
city's cultural and artistic life,
Birmingham City University is proud to support Birmingham's bid to be UK
City of Culture in 2013

http://birminghamculture.org
http://www.bcu.ac.uk/about-us/excellent-arts=20

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Re: Certificate of Irishness
In-Reply-To:
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To deal with Liam's implied query...

We have been tracking this, as we have been tracking a number of initiatives
arising out of the Global Irish Economic Forum, Farmleigh...

Some initiatives are real and sensible.

New readers start here...

http://www.globalirishforum.ie/Programme.aspx

or here

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Irish_Economic_Forum

This particular initiative I ignored, in the vague hope that it would just
go away. My original understanding was that it would work like a
supermarket loyalty or discount card - but if you tried to give such a card
to one ethnic group (however defined) rather than another ethnic group it
would, I think, be illegal.

I don't think I should editorialise on the Ir-D list - so the next thing you
hear is the sound of a lip being bitten.

Paddy O'Sullivan


-----Original Message-----
From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [mailto:IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK] On Behalf
Of Liam Greenslade Academic
Sent: 22 June 2010 10:24
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: [IR-D] Certificate of Irishness

I'm surprised no-one has picked up on this little gem of contemporary
gombeenism

http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/frontpage/2010/0621/1224272953828.html


You can read my response to it here:

http://liamgr.blogspot.com/2010/06/plastic-paddies-to-be-certified-what.html

Best

Liam

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "jjnmcg1[at]eircom.net"
Subject: Re: Certificate of Irishness
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Message-ID:

Dunnes' sTores keep telling us over here when advertising goods- "The
difference is were's Irish"-vive la differance- John McGurk

Original Message:
-----------------
From: Patrick O'Sullivan P=2EOSullivan[at]BRADFORD=2EAC=2EUK
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2010 14:19:27 +0100
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL=2EAC=2EUK
Subject: Re: [IR-D] Certificate of Irishness


To deal with Liam's implied query=2E=2E=2E

We have been tracking this, as we have been tracking a number of initiativ=
es
arising out of the Global Irish Economic Forum, Farmleigh=2E=2E=2E

Some initiatives are real and sensible=2E

New readers start here=2E=2E=2E

http://www=2Eglobalirishforum=2Eie/Programme=2Easpx

or here

http://en=2Ewikipedia=2Eorg/wiki/Global=5FIrish=5FEconomic=5FForum

This particular initiative I ignored, in the vague hope that it would just=

go away=2E My original understanding was that it would work like a
supermarket loyalty or discount card - but if you tried to give such a car=
d
to one ethnic group (however defined) rather than another ethnic group it
would, I think, be illegal=2E

I don't think I should editorialise on the Ir-D list - so the next thing y=
ou
hear is the sound of a lip being bitten=2E

Paddy O'Sullivan


-----Original Message-----
From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [mailto:IR-D[at]JISCMAIL=2EAC=2EUK] On =
Behalf
Of Liam Greenslade Academic
Sent: 22 June 2010 10:24
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL=2EAC=2EUK
Subject: [IR-D] Certificate of Irishness

I'm surprised no-one has picked up on this little gem of contemporary=20
gombeenism

http://www=2Eirishtimes=2Ecom/newspaper/frontpage/2010/0621/1224272953828=2E=
html


You can read my response to it here:

http://liamgr=2Eblogspot=2Ecom/2010/06/plastic-paddies-to-be-certified-wha=
t=2Ehtml

Best

Liam


--------------------------------------------------------------------
mail2web=2Ecom =96 Enhanced email for the mobile individual based on Micro=
soft=AE
Exchange - http://link=2Email2web=2Ecom/Personal/EnhancedEmail

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Liam Greenslade Academic
Subject: Re: Certificate of Irishness
In-Reply-To:
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Message-ID:

Hmmm,

In response to Thomas Archdeacon's post, I've kept my knickers
relatively untwisted in this case. He should have seen the first draft
of my blogpost, withheld only because I could hear the rustle of libel
writs as I wrote. At one level, he is of course right. It is a silly
idea. However, what it says about Irish identity and the bad faith in
the way the Irish State has dealt with emigrants and the children of
emigrants and their children's children isn't by any means silly.
Moreover, in a country which recently changed its constitution entirely
on racist grounds to deny some people born on the island of Ireland the
right to citizenship, bandying an idea like this about, let alone
giving it a state sanction, is definitely in bad taste.

What's more, as anyone of Irish descent who has spent more than a wet
summer holiday in Co Roscommon will tell you, laying claim to Irish
identity can produce a range of responses from the merely patronizing to
the aggressively offensive amongst the indigenous population. I have
witnessed the deleterious effect of sometimes daily 'identity
challenging' on some of my English or American born friends whilst
living in Ireland.

And as for it having more in common with green beer and such like, I'm
afraid I have to disagree. These were mostly an invention of the
diaspora for their own delight and edification, not an unseemly and
cynical attempt by the Irish state to cash in on the deeply felt need of
many people within the Irish diapora to locate a sense of identity.
They refused to give my parents the right to vote after having forced
them out of the country, they refuse to allow me a vote even today while
I live on the other island. I will be damned before I let them charge my
grandchildren a penny for their right to a heritage and identity. (Damn
it, there go me knickers).

Liam

PS.Would anyone object if I were to repost fellow listers' contributions
as comments on my blog?

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Irishness
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From: "Steven Mccabe"
To: "The Irish Diaspora Studies List"

In the UK an insult you hear of those who were not actually born in Irela=
nd but are seen to proclaim their Irishness too blatantly is to be called=
a "Plastic Paddy" (apologies for the language). I cannot see a Certifica=
te of Irishness particularly impressing those who believe, ala Roy Keane =
to Mick McCarthy at the 2002 World Cup, that in order to be seen as the '=
real thing' you have to be first generation; his words cannot be repeated=
=2E

It all reminds me of the apparent story that the Duke of Wellington was t=
old by Daniel O'Connell "being born in a stable doesn't make one a horse"=
!

Perhaps there is too much misplaced anguish about this one...

Steven


Moderator's Note

I contacted Steven McCabe, pointing out that the Duke of Wellington horse
story is usually told as the Duke's riposte when reminded that he was born
in Ireland. I asked for a source for the Daniel O'Connell version. Steven
has directed me to Shaw's authenticated report of the Irish state trials,
1844, p 93 and p 123, where a witness is quoting an O'Connell speech.

It is in Google Books.

P.O'S.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Bodies
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I am dealing with a flurry of error messages from a large number of Irish
Diaspora list email addresses. I need to have a look at these - sometimes
when this happens it means that a number of organisations have upgraded
something all at the same time - anti-spam, anti-virus, and so on. If you
have not been getting all Ir-D messages that is why.

Also, I am still dealing with some consequences of the Ir-D list discussion
about 'Bodies'. I think in the background are some overlapping but maybe
not connected discourses. There are people who think that any use of the
word 'race' is to be deprecated. There are people who point out that there
is a use of the phrase 'the Irish race', which should be studied. Then
there are discussions of developments in genetics, and understanding of
medical conditions - which might be used by people who want to talk about
'races'.

For example we have discussed on Ir-D in the past the ways in which some
family historians have begun to use genetics - and there is a chapter in
Catherine Nash's book, Of Irish Descent. I am grateful to the colleague who
brought the following web site to our attention...

Ireland yDNA Project
http://homepage.eircom.net/~ihdp/ihdp/index.htm

Which links to
Blood of the Irish
http://www.rte.ie/tv/bloodoftheirish/

I think you can see what I mean about discourses, when populists use an
older language to sell or incorporate newer discoveries. Mouth Swabs of the
Vikings, and Mouth Swabs of the Irish, do not have the same ring.

P.O'S.

--
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan Email Patrick
O'Sullivan Personal Fax 0044 (0) 709 236 9050

Irish Diaspora Net http://www.irishdiaspora.net Irish Diaspora list
IR-D[at]Jiscmail.ac.uk

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities University of Bradford Bradford
BD7 1DP Yorkshire England

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "Murray, Edmundo"
Subject: Irlanda y los vascos
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The following article published today by El Pa=EDs takes some elements from=
the Northern Ireland conflict and applies them to the violence by ETA in S=
pain and France. There were other pieces suggesting the export of the North=
ern Irish conflict resolution model to other contexts in Europe and Latin A=
merica. In two instances the author refers to Catholics having more childre=
n than Protestants and the electoral consequences. Is this true in today's =
Northern Ireland? Are Catholics more prolific than Protestants?

Edmundo Murray


EL PA=CDS, jueves 24 de junio de 2010
Page 19

Irlanda y los vascos
PATXO
UNZUETA

"Despu=E9s del desenlace del =FAltimoproceso de paz llegu=E9 a la conclusio=
n de que era m=E1s f=E1cil para ETA o para la izquierda abertzale renunciar=
a la lucha armada a cambio de nada que a cambio de contrapartidas pol=EDti=
cas", dice Eguiguren en el escrito del que tanto se habla estos d=EDas. La =
raz=F3n es que nunca el Gobierno podr=EDa darles lo que se considerar=EDan =
obligados a pedir, ni ellos aceptar lo que les pueda ofrecer el Gobierno. E=
s un comentario que admite matizaciones pero que tiene sustancia. Si ETA no=
existiera, habr=EDa que intentar por todos los medios que a nadie se le oc=
urriera inventarla, pero puesto que existe y ha causado grandes desgracias,=
los que han vivido en su entorno se resisten a aceptar que pueda desaparec=
er sin m=E1s, es decir, sin alguna contrapartida pol=EDtica que justifique =
tanto dolor. Incluido el suyo: tantos a=F1os de c=E1rcel y exilio. Ning=FAn=
Gobierno responsible podr=EDa ceder a las demandas de ETA (Navarra, cambio=
s constitucionales): muchos ciudadanos lo considerar=EDan una imposici=F3n,=
lo que seguramente provocar=EDa problemas m=E1s graves que los actuales. L=
a matizaci=F3n ser=EDa que no es del todo cierto que ellos no puedan acepta=
r lo que la democracia pueda ofrecerles: una reinserci=F3n a medio plazo. P=
rimero, porque no es poca cosa: entre condenados y pendientes de juicio, ha=
y cerca de 750 presos en Espa=F1a y Francia, y varios cientos m=E1s de huid=
os o clandestinos; y existe una fuerte resistencia de la opinion p=FAblica =
a ceder en esta cuesti=F3n, especialmente por parte de las asociaciones de =
v=EDctimas, cuya opini=F3n debe pesar en esto. Y, segundo, porque es lo que=
de verdad interesa a los presos (y huidos) y a sus familias. Pero una rein=
serci=F3n sin negociaci=F3n previa que condicione el cese de la violencia. =
Porque tambi=E9n en este terreno los jefes de la banda se considerar=EDan o=
bligados a exigencias radicales (todo y ahora) que retrasar=EDan las medida=
s; y porque las resistencias sociales ser=EDan mucho menores tras la eviden=
cia de la retirada de ETA. Solo despu=E9s se plantear=EDa lo que ha dado en=
llamarse, a la irlandesa, "superaci=F3n de las consecuencias del conflicto=
", con iniciativas en favor de la reconciliaci=F3n. La idea de un abandono =
de las armas por decisi=F3n unilateral ha sido planteada alguna vez en ETA.=
"Podemos abandonar la lucha armada antes o despu=E9s, pero no negociarla; =
la podemos abandonar porque lleguemos al convencimiento de que ya no da m=
=E1s de s=ED, o porque la vemos innecesaria en una etapa dada de la lucha; =
pero internamente y no en una mesa de negociaci=F3n", escribi=F3 en Egin (2=
2-2-1994) el ex liberado del commando Vizcaya Alfonso Etxegaray. Gerry Adam=
s y Martin Mc-Guinness tuvieron que montar un escenario que presentase el f=
in de la violencia como efecto de un acuerdo pol=EDtico favorable para los =
republicanos. En particular, la garant=EDa de que si un d=EDa hab=EDa en el=
Ulster una mayor=EDa favorable a la reunificaci=F3n (lo que podr=EDa ocurr=
ir por razones demogr=E1ficas: los cat=F3licos tienen m=E1s hijos), Londres=
no se opondr=EDa. Pero el mayor incentivo para dejar las armas fueron las =
medidas de reinserci=F3n puestas en marcha tras el alto el fuego definitivo=
del IRA. Tiende a olvidarse que los propios activistas tambi=E9n pierden l=
a fe en una soluci=F3n pr=F3xima a medida que van haci=E9ndose mayores. En =
el informe sobre terrorismo encargado por el Gobierno vasco a varios expert=
os internacionales en 1986 se dice que el IRA no retiene a sus activistas s=
i deciden abandonar la violencia ya que "reconoce que es una actividad para=
hombres j=F3venes y que al pasar los a=F1os tal vez quieran casarse y norm=
alizar su vida". De esa =E9poca es tambi=E9n un estudio que situaba el mome=
nto de abandono de la actividad hacia los 35 a=F1os, edad a la que los acti=
vistas sol=EDan tener su primer hijo. Procrear, tal vez, para ser m=E1s que=
los protestantes como forma de continuar la guerra por otros medios. La se=
mana pasada, con motivo de la publicaci=F3n del informe sobre el domingo sa=
ngriento de 1972 (14 manifestantes desarmados abatidos a tiros por el ej=E9=
rcito brit=E1nico), se ha planteado la duda de si sus conclusiones no deber=
=EDan servir para procesar, 38 a=F1os despu=E9s, a los soldados y aquellos =
de sus mandos que sigan con vida. Entre los motivos invocados por quienes c=
onsideran que ser=EDa un error hacerlo destaca este: que si se hiciera, ser=
=EDa dif=EDcil evitar peticiones de reabrir expedientes de terroristas repu=
blicanos puestos en libertad sin que llegaran a ser juzgados, en el marco d=
e los acuerdos de Viernes Santo. Algo similar a lo que, en aras de la recon=
ciliaci=F3n y de la convivencia, hubo de hacerse aqu=ED tras la muerte de F=
ranco y de nuevo con motivo de la autodisoluci=F3n de ETA (p-m), en 1981. L=
os que entonces defendieron esas medidas son hoy, por lo general, poco part=
idarios del revisionismo sobre la Transici=F3n de quienes proponen, en nomb=
re de la memoria antifranquista que no tienen, derogar la Ley de Amnist=EDa=
.

________________________________
Please consider the environment before printing this email or its attachmen=
t(s). Please note that this message may contain confidential information. I=
f you have received this message in error, please notify me and then delete=
it from your system.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick Maume
Subject: Re: Irlanda y los vascos
In-Reply-To:
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Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Message-ID:

From: Patrick Maume
Catholics in Northern Ireland do ahve a somewhat higher birth-rate than
Protestants; there is also a tendency for middle-class Protestant universit=
y
students/graduates to be more likely to leave the province than their
Catholic counterparts.
Best wishes,
Patrick

2010/6/24 Murray, Edmundo

> The following article published today by El Pa=EDs takes some elements fr=
om
> the Northern Ireland conflict and applies them to the violence by ETA in
> Spain and France. There were other pieces suggesting the export of the
> Northern Irish conflict resolution model to other contexts in Europe and
> Latin America. In two instances the author refers to Catholics having mor=
e
> children than Protestants and the electoral consequences. Is this true in
> today's Northern Ireland? Are Catholics more prolific than Protestants?
>
> Edmundo Murray
>
>
> EL PA=CDS, jueves 24 de junio de 2010
> Page 19
>
> Irlanda y los vascos
> PATXO
> UNZUETA
>
> "Despu=E9s del desenlace del =FAltimoproceso de paz llegu=E9 a la conclus=
ion de
> que era m=E1s f=E1cil para ETA o para la izquierda abertzale renunciar a =
la
> lucha armada a cambio de nada que a cambio de contrapartidas pol=EDticas"=
,
> dice Eguiguren en el escrito del que tanto se habla estos d=EDas. La raz=
=F3n es
> que nunca el Gobierno podr=EDa darles lo que se considerar=EDan obligados=
a
> pedir, ni ellos aceptar lo que les pueda ofrecer el Gobierno. Es un
> comentario que admite matizaciones pero que tiene sustancia. Si ETA no
> existiera, habr=EDa que intentar por todos los medios que a nadie se le
> ocurriera inventarla, pero puesto que existe y ha causado grandes
> desgracias, los que han vivido en su entorno se resisten a aceptar que pu=
eda
> desaparecer sin m=E1s, es decir, sin alguna contrapartida pol=EDtica que
> justifique tanto dolor. Incluido el suyo: tantos a=F1os de c=E1rcel y exi=
lio.
> Ning=FAn Gobierno responsible podr=EDa ceder a las demandas de ETA (Navar=
ra,
> cambios constitucionales): muchos ciudadanos lo considerar=EDan una
> imposici=F3n, lo que seguramente provocar=EDa problemas m=E1s graves que =
los
> actuales. La matizaci=F3n ser=EDa que no es del todo cierto que ellos no =
puedan
> aceptar lo que la democracia pueda ofrecerles: una reinserci=F3n a medio
> plazo. Primero, porque no es poca cosa: entre condenados y pendientes de
> juicio, hay cerca de 750 presos en Espa=F1a y Francia, y varios cientos m=
=E1s de
> huidos o clandestinos; y existe una fuerte resistencia de la opinion p=FA=
blica
> a ceder en esta cuesti=F3n, especialmente por parte de las asociaciones d=
e
> v=EDctimas, cuya opini=F3n debe pesar en esto. Y, segundo, porque es lo q=
ue de
> verdad interesa a los presos (y huidos) y a sus familias. Pero una
> reinserci=F3n sin negociaci=F3n previa que condicione el cese de la viole=
ncia.
> Porque tambi=E9n en este terreno los jefes de la banda se considerar=EDan
> obligados a exigencias radicales (todo y ahora) que retrasar=EDan las med=
idas;
> y porque las resistencias sociales ser=EDan mucho menores tras la evidenc=
ia de
> la retirada de ETA. Solo despu=E9s se plantear=EDa lo que ha dado en llam=
arse, a
> la irlandesa, "superaci=F3n de las consecuencias del conflicto", con
> iniciativas en favor de la reconciliaci=F3n. La idea de un abandono de la=
s
> armas por decisi=F3n unilateral ha sido planteada alguna vez en ETA. "Pod=
emos
> abandonar la lucha armada antes o despu=E9s, pero no negociarla; la podem=
os
> abandonar porque lleguemos al convencimiento de que ya no da m=E1s de s=
=ED, o
> porque la vemos innecesaria en una etapa dada de la lucha; pero intername=
nte
> y no en una mesa de negociaci=F3n", escribi=F3 en Egin (22-2-1994) el ex
> liberado del commando Vizcaya Alfonso Etxegaray. Gerry Adams y Martin
> Mc-Guinness tuvieron que montar un escenario que presentase el fin de la
> violencia como efecto de un acuerdo pol=EDtico favorable para los
> republicanos. En particular, la garant=EDa de que si un d=EDa hab=EDa en =
el Ulster
> una mayor=EDa favorable a la reunificaci=F3n (lo que podr=EDa ocurrir por=
razones
> demogr=E1ficas: los cat=F3licos tienen m=E1s hijos), Londres no se opondr=
=EDa. Pero
> el mayor incentivo para dejar las armas fueron las medidas de reinserci=
=F3n
> puestas en marcha tras el alto el fuego definitivo del IRA. Tiende a
> olvidarse que los propios activistas tambi=E9n pierden la fe en una soluc=
i=F3n
> pr=F3xima a medida que van haci=E9ndose mayores. En el informe sobre terr=
orismo
> encargado por el Gobierno vasco a varios expertos internacionales en 1986=
se
> dice que el IRA no retiene a sus activistas si deciden abandonar la
> violencia ya que "reconoce que es una actividad para hombres j=F3venes y =
que
> al pasar los a=F1os tal vez quieran casarse y normalizar su vida". De esa
> =E9poca es tambi=E9n un estudio que situaba el momento de abandono de la
> actividad hacia los 35 a=F1os, edad a la que los activistas sol=EDan tene=
r su
> primer hijo. Procrear, tal vez, para ser m=E1s que los protestantes como =
forma
> de continuar la guerra por otros medios. La semana pasada, con motivo de =
la
> publicaci=F3n del informe sobre el domingo sangriento de 1972 (14
> manifestantes desarmados abatidos a tiros por el ej=E9rcito brit=E1nico),=
se ha
> planteado la duda de si sus conclusiones no deber=EDan servir para proces=
ar,
> 38 a=F1os despu=E9s, a los soldados y aquellos de sus mandos que sigan co=
n vida.
> Entre los motivos invocados por quienes consideran que ser=EDa un error
> hacerlo destaca este: que si se hiciera, ser=EDa dif=EDcil evitar peticio=
nes de
> reabrir expedientes de terroristas republicanos puestos en libertad sin q=
ue
> llegaran a ser juzgados, en el marco de los acuerdos de Viernes Santo. Al=
go
> similar a lo que, en aras de la reconciliaci=F3n y de la convivencia, hub=
o de
> hacerse aqu=ED tras la muerte de Franco y de nuevo con motivo de la
> autodisoluci=F3n de ETA (p-m), en 1981. Los que entonces defendieron esas
> medidas son hoy, por lo general, poco partidarios del revisionismo sobre =
la
> Transici=F3n de quienes proponen, en nombre de la memoria antifranquista =
que
> no tienen, derogar la Ley de Amnist=EDa.
>
> ________________________________
> Please consider the environment before printing this email or its
> attachment(s). Please note that this message may contain confidential
> information. If you have received this message in error, please notify me
> and then delete it from your system.
>

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article,
"One man one job": the marriage ban and the employment of women
teachers in Irish primary schools
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"One man one job": the marriage ban and the employment of women teachers in
Irish primary schools

Authors: Jennifer Redmond a; Judith Harford b
Affiliations: a Department of History, National University of Ireland,
Maynooth, Republic of Ireland
b School of Education & Lifelong Learning, University College Dublin,
Dublin, Republic of Ireland

Published in: Paedagogica Historica
First Published on: 06 May 2010

Abstract

In 1932, the Irish government, facing an economic downturn, introduced a
marriage ban which required that female primary school teachers were
required to resign on marriage. This followed a series of restrictive
legislative measures adopted by Irish governments throughout the 1920s which
sought to limit women's participation in public life and the public sector.
Such a requirement emerged in several countries in response to high
unemployment and applied principally to women's white-collar occupations,
leading some commentators to argue that it stemmed from a social consensus
rather than an economic rationale. Despite opposition to the ban from the
Irish National Teachers' Organisation (INTO) on the basis that it was
unconstitutional, would lead to fewer marriages and that married women were
in fact more suited to teaching children, it remained in place until 1958.
Although the ban is much referred to as part of the gender ideology that
informed legislation in the early years of independent Ireland, the
particular history of married women teachers has been little researched in
the academic context. Over 50 years since the rescinding of the ban, this
article examines its impact through an analysis of primary sources,
including government cabinet minutes and the public commentary of the INTO
and positions this history within the international context.

Keywords: marriage ban; teaching; primary schools; women

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article,
Whiteness and the politics of 'race' in child protection
guidelines in Ireland
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Whiteness and the politics of 'race' in child protection guidelines in
Ireland

Author: Alastair Christie
Published in: European Journal of Social Work
First Published on: 23 April 2010
Subjects: Social Work; Development Studies, Environment, Social Work, Urban
Studies: Social Work;

abstract
Since the mid-1990s Ireland has been described in government documents as a
'multi-cultural society'. This is partly in response to the significant
number of migrants who have recently come to live in a country that has
traditionally viewed itself in mono-cultural terms and as a country of
emigration. This representation of Ireland as a multi-cultural society,
which includes a growing number of ethnic minority groups, is also evident
in government child care legislation and policies. In the area of child
care, the National Children's Strategy states that children from minority
ethnic communities have 'special needs' that should be met. However, as yet,
these 'special needs' identified with those seen as culturally different
have largely remained unnamed and unrecognised in research, policies and
social work practice in Ireland. In 2008, the Irish government published
three reports that reviewed Children First: National Guidelines for the
Protection and Welfare of Children. This article analyses how black and
minority ethnic groups are represented in the national guidelines and the
three review reports, and argues that the identification of 'special needs'
re-centres the dominance of white Irishness as the universal norm against
which all child care practices are judged. The article raises questions
about how 'race' remains unnamed in post-Celtic Tiger Ireland child
protection policies and practices.

Keywords: Child Protection; 'Race'; Anti-Racism; Whiteness; Ireland

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: TOC Portuguese Studies, Volume 26, Number 1, 2010,
The Portuguese-Speaking Diaspora in Great Britain and Ireland
MIME-Version: 1.0
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Message-ID:

The latest issue of Portuguese Studies,=20
Volume 26, Number 1, 15 March 2010
Is a Special Issue
The Portuguese-Speaking Diaspora in Great Britain and Ireland.
Edited by Jaine Beswick & Mark Dinneen.

http://www.mhra.org.uk/Publications/Journals/Portuguese.html

http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mhra/pst/2010/00000026/00000001

This issue is also available as a book. Further details are available =
here
http://www.mhra.org.uk/Publications/Books/ps261.html

where it is a Google Books view/link, and it possible to read some =
material
on the screen.

The two articles about Ireland will interest many Ir-D members. Martin
Eaton offers a good summary of material on ethnic minorities in Northern
Ireland, before going on to concentrate on labour markets. Olivia
Sheringham is more interested in the fine detail of Brazilian life in =
the
small town of Gort.

I have pasted in the Abstracts for these 2 articles, in the TOC, below.

But the general approach of the Special Issue is appealing. 'Building =
on
two informal workshops held at Manchester Metropolitan University in =
2007
and at the University of Southampton in 2008, it represents the first
compilation of leading interdisciplinary investigation of these =
particular
diasporic groups, and seeks to shed light on their migratory patterns, =
their
particular migrant experiences and issues, as well as their =
transnational
and cross-cultural relationships...'


Preface=20
pp. 4-4(1)

The Portuguese-Speaking Diaspora in Great Britain and Ireland=20
pp. 5-9(5)=20
Authors: Beswick, Jaine; Dinneen, Mark

Portuguese Migrant Worker Experiences in Northern Ireland's Market Town
Economy=20
pp. 10-26(17)=20
Author: Eaton, Martin

Abstract:
Post-millennium Portuguese migrant worker flow has seen Northern Ireland
emerge as a focal point. Several thousand migrants have been recruited =
by
employment agencies to work in the regions' agricultural harvesting/food
processing industries. This article outlines experiences of key =
migration
players in the market towns of Dungannon and Portadown. Analysis shows =
the
Portuguese worker has had significant impact in supplementing and =
segmenting
the local labour market. Problems have emerged and communities have
belatedly responded; some attempt has been made to integrate these =
workers
more closely into work and social arenas. However, it is argued that =
this is
a slow process and many Portuguese in Northern Ireland remain in a state =
of
flux.

Portuguese Migrant Workers in the UK: A Case Study of Thetford, Norfolk=20
pp. 27-40(14)=20
Authors: Almeida, Jos=E9 Carlos Pina; Corkill, David

Migrant Identities, Sociolinguistic and Sociocultural Practices: =
Portuguese
and Spanish Migrations to the South Coast of England=20
pp. 41-59(19)=20
Authors: Beswick, Jaine; Pozo-Guti=E9rrez, Alicia

A Transnational Space? Transnational Practices, Place-Based Identity and =
the
Making of `Home' among Brazilians in Gort, Ireland=20
pp. 60-78(19)=20
Author: Sheringham, Olivia

Abstract:
This essay explores the transnational and place-making practices of
Brazilian migrants in the Irish town of Gort in County Galway. Since the
first arrival of Brazilian workers in Gort, in 1999, many more arrived =
to
live and work there, with the numbers (although now decreasing) reaching =
a
peak of nearly half the town's population of 3000. Despite some media
coverage keen to highlight the novelty of the phenomenon or to expose =
any
potential scandal, very little has been written about the migrants'
experiences and their everyday lives. Drawing on empirical research
conducted in Gort in 2008, this paper considers the `transnational =
spaces'
constructed by Brazilian migrants, and examines how such spaces relate =
to
their local, place-based, attachments in the town.

Migrant Languages in a Multi-Ethnic Scenario: Brazilian =
Portuguese-Speakers
in London=20
pp. 79-93(15)=20
Author: Souza, Ana

Family and Transmission: Collective Memory in Identification Practices =
of
Madeirans on Jersey=20
pp. 94-110(17)=20
Author: Mar-Molinero, Vanessa

Nas Terras de Sua Majestade: Portuguese Emigrants to Britain in the =
Works of
Maria Ondina Braga=20
pp. 111-122(12)=20
Author: Williams, Claire